Title: Default for NCD1
Course: Non-Communicable Diseases, Emergency Care and Mental Health Part 1 - Ethiopia (Full)

Q: In an adult human, blood accounts for approximately 7–9% of total body weight.
- True (Correct! It is true. Blood accounts for approximately 7–9% of total body weight in an adult human.)
- False
A: True

Q: A person weighing 70 kg has got 10–15 litres of blood circulating around the body.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. An adult has 5–6 litres of blood circulating around the body (not 10–15 litres).)
A: False

Q: The primary function of the blood is to transport oxygen nutrients, and as a means to remove waste products from the tissues.
- True (Correct! It is true. The primary function of the blood is to transport oxygen nutrients, and as a means to remove waste products from the tissues.)
- False
A: True

Q: Red blood cells contain a protein called haemoglobin, which is red in colour and contains a lot of iron.
- True (Correct! It is true. Red blood cells contain a protein called haemoglobin, which is red in colour and contains a lot of iron.)
- False
A: True

Q: Haemoglobin picks up oxygen as it passes through the heart and distributes it around the body in the blood.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Haemoglobin picks up oxygen as it passes through the lungs (not the heart).)
A: False

Q: Diabetes is a condition in which the blood glucose level is always too high.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Blood glucose can also fall too low in a person with diabetes; the condition is characterised by lack of regulation of blood glucose.)
A: False

Q: Diabetes is becoming more common in developing countries.
- True (Correct! It is true. Diabetes is becoming more common in developing countries.)
- False
A: True

Q: Excess glucose is stored in the liver until it is needed.
- True (Correct! It is true. Excess glucose is stored in the liver until it is needed.)
- False
A: True

Q: Insulin stimulates the liver to release stored glucose when the body needs more fuel.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Glucagon (not insulin) stimulates the liver to release stored glucose when the body needs more fuel.)
A: False

Q: Exercise is not recommended for people with diabetes because it depletes the low level of glucose in their blood.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Exercise is recommended for people with diabetes as part of a healthy lifestyle and maintenance of a normal weight for their height; also, the blood glucose levels of a diabetic person are often too high, as well as sometimes too low.)
A: False

Q: More people die from cancer in the world every year than from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined.
- True (Correct! It is true. More people die from cancer worldwide every year than from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined.)
- False
A: True

Q: Benign tumours are not generally life-threatening.
- True (Correct! It is true. Benign tumours are not generally life-threatening.)
- False
A: True

Q: Malignant tumours are life-threatening because they spread and cause damage to organs and tissues all over the body.
- True (Correct! It is true. Malignant tumours are life-threatening because they spread and cause damage to organs and tissues all over the body.)
- False
A: True

Q: Cancer cells are normal cells growing in the wrong place.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Cancer cells are growing in the wrong place, but they are not normal cells – there are many differences)
A: False

Q: Cancer cells can multiply uncontrollably by repeated cell divisions.
- True (Correct! It is true. Cancer cells can multiply uncontrollably by repeated cell divisions.)
- False
A: True

Q: Cancer cells ‘self-destruct’ when they get too old or develop abnormal features.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Cancer cells survive for many cell divisions because they do not ‘self-destruct’; normal cells do self-destruct when they get too old or develop abnormal features.)
A: False

Q: COPD is a progressive disease, which affects the cardiovascular system.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. COPD is a disease which affects the respiratory system (not the cardiovascular system))
A: False

Q: Wheezing, breathlessness and a cough with production of large amounts of mucus in the lungs are the major symptoms of COPD.
- True (Correct! It is true. Wheezing, breathlessness and a cough with production of large amounts of mucus in the lungs are the major symptoms of COPD.)
- False
A: True

Q: Air entering the body travels down the oesophagus into the lungs.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Air entering the body travels down the trachea (not the oesophagus) into the lungs. The oesophagus carries food and drinks from the mouth into the stomach.)
A: False

Q: In COPD, the air sacs lose elasticity and their walls can break down.
- True (Correct! It is true. In COPD, the air sacs lose elasticity and their walls can break down – this condition is called emphysema.)
- False
A: True

Q: Bronchial asthma is mainly a disease of elderly people.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Bronchial asthma can affect all ages, but it is much more common than COPD in young adults and it is very common in children.It is COPD that mainly affects older adults and elderly people.)
A: False

Q: Exposure to pollen and animal hair can cause COPD.
- True
- False (Correct! it is false. Asthma (not COPD) can be caused by exposure to pollen and animal hair – but only in people who are sensitive to these allergens.)
A: False

Q: The structures of the oral cavity enable us to speak, chew and swallow.
- True (Correct! It is true. The structures of the oral cavity enable us to speak, chew and swallow.)
- False
A: True

Q: Humans normally produce two sets of 32 teeth.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Humans do normally produce two sets, but only the second (permanent) set has 32 teeth. The first set (milk or baby teeth) has only 20 teeth.)
A: False

Q: The mouth is the entrance to the digestive and respiratory systems.
- True (Correct! It is true. The mouth is the entrance to the digestive and respiratory systems.)
- False
A: True

Q: The palate is the floor of the oral cavity.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. The palate is the roof of the oral cavity (not the floor).)
A: False

Q: Saliva helps to keep the mouth clean.
- True (Correct! It is true. Saliva helps to keep the mouth clean.)
- False
A: True

Q: Teeth are dead structures made from enamel and bone.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Teeth are living structures with dentine, pulp and blood vessels inside them; only the upper surface of a tooth is covered with hard dead enamel.)
A: False

Q: If a wound is bleeding externally, you apply pressure to it, elevate the bleeding part and bandage it tightly enough to stop the bleeding.
- True (Correct! It is true. If a wound is bleeding externally, you apply pressure to it, elevate the bleeding part and bandage it tightly enough to stop the bleeding.)
- False
A: True

Q: A person who has internal bleeding will have a slow pulse and rapidly rising blood pressure.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. A person who has internal bleeding will have a rapid pulse and falling blood pressure.)
A: False

Q: Pain in the abdomen and rigid abdominal muscles are signs of a possible internal injury.
- True (Correct! It is true. Pain in the abdomen and rigid abdominal muscles are signs of a possible internal injury.)
- False
A: True

Q: Bleeding from the nose, ears or scalp and confusion in the patient’s speech or behaviour are signs of possible head injury.
- True (Correct! It is true. Bleeding from the nose, ears or scalp and confusion in the patient’s speech or behaviour are signs of possible head injury.)
- False
A: True

Q: Swelling and internal bleeding are signs of an open fracture.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. An open fracture means the broken bone is sticking out through the skin at the fracture site. There is also likely to be swelling and internal bleeding, but this also occurs in closed fractures.)
A: False

Q: A person with a first degree burn is at risk of dying from dehydration and infection.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. A person with a third degree burn is at risk of dying from dehydration and infection if the burned area is extensive. First degree burns are superficial and heal within a few days.)
A: False

Q: If you suspect that a person has swallowed poison, apply abdominal thrusts to help them to cough out the poison.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Abdominal thrusts are applied to help someone who is choking to cough the obstruction out of their airway. This technique is useless to help someone who has swallowed poison, which will be absorbed into their body through the digestive tract.)
A: False

Q: If you suspect that a person has absorbed poison through their skin, remove any contaminated clothing and wash the body with soap and water before referring them.
- True (Correct! It is true. If you suspect that a person has absorbed poison through their skin, remove any contaminated clothing and wash the body with soap and water before referring them.)
- False
A: True

Q: Swallowing bleach or kerosene is a common method of trying to commit suicide in rural communities.
- True (Correct! It is true. Swallowing bleach or kerosene is a common method of trying to commit suicide in rural communities.)
- False
A: True

Q: Tying a cloth over the nose and mouth is good protection from inhaling droplets of insecticide while spraying houses to kill mosquitoes.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Tying a cloth over the nose and mouth is not adequate protection for someone who is spraying houses to kill mosquitoes. Insecticide sprayers should wear proper protective clothing, including a special mask.)
A: False

Q: Burning charcoal in an enclosed room is dangerous because the fumes are poisonous and inhaling them can cause loss of consciousness.
- True (Correct! It is true. Burning charcoal in an enclosed room is dangerous because the fumes are poisonous and inhaling them can cause loss of consciousness.)
- False
A: True