Title: Default for NCD2
Course: Non-Communicable Diseases, Emergency Care and Mental Health Part 2 - Ethiopia (Full)

Q: The burden of mental illness is measured only in terms of the increased mortality that it causes.
- True
- False (Correct! it is false – the burden also includes the amount of disability that a person suffers because of their mental illness.)
A: False

Q: A woman who has severe depression can’t get out of bed to complete her housework – this is an example of disability.
- True (Correct! It is true – although some people may describe the woman as lazy, this is not correct. She cannot work because of her mental illness and so this is disability.)
- False
A: True

Q: In the health system, most mental healthcare is provided by psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false – most people do not have any access to specialist mental healthcare and must rely on ways of helping themselves or getting help within the family (self-treatment), using traditional healers (informal community care) or receiving care through the primary healthcare system.)
A: False

Q: A man had psychosis and recovered well after receiving treatment, but he is refused work because he was once mentally ill. This is an example of discrimination.
- True (Correct! It is true – this is an example of negative behaviour towards a person just because they had a mental illness and not because of their ability to do the job. Therefore it is discrimination.)
- False
A: True

Q: Self-care means that a person with mental illness doesn’t need any help from health services.
- True
- False (Correct! it is false – self-treatment is what the person does to help themselves to get better, but often people with mental illness also need help from the health system, e.g. medication for people with psychosis.)
A: False

Q: Clients who receive medication for their aggressive behaviour should be informed about the possible unwanted side effects of the treatment.
- True (Correct! it is true. If the client and their family know about the side effects of drugs it will reduce their anxiety and it may make them more tolerant to mild adverse effects. They also need to know about possible serious unwanted effects, so that they can recognise these easily and ask for help from you or the treating doctor immediately.)
- False
A: True

Q: People with traditional beliefs like the idea that mental illness is caused by a curse should be directly challenged and told they are wrong and silly.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Traditional beliefs have been around for many generations and are often embedded in the community’s culture. A key principle of a good approach to your community members is to be non-judgemental and show them respect regardless of their beliefs. People should thus not be told they are silly and wrong, but instead should be educated about mental health problems and their treatment in a respectful way.)
A: False

Q: If a patient behaves aggressively you should apply physical punishment.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Patients should not be punished for their behaviour when they are mentally ill. They may behave aggressively because they are not aware of what they are doing or they are not able to control their actions. Rather than being punished, they should receive appropriate treatment.)
A: False

Q: Encouraging emotional expression and keeping a client’s sensitive information confidential are two principles of a good approach.
- True (Correct! It is true. You have learned that expression of emotion is one way of relieving the client from their tension. Keeping a client’s sensitive information confidential is ethical and helps to build a good relationship between you and your client.)
- False
A: True

Q: Acute psychosis always has an obvious cause.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Acute psychosis is an illness which may or may not have obvious cause. Commonly, it is associated with exposure to stressful situations.)
A: False

Q: A patient suffering from acute organic psychosis should be kept at home tied up because there is no risk of medical complication.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Acute organic psychosis is usually caused by physical illness or brain damage. Immediately upon identification, the patient needs to be referred to a health centre or hospital.)
A: False

Q: A patient who has recovered from psychosis should be encouraged to fulfil their responsibilities, like working or preparing food.
- True (Correct! It is true. People with psychosis should be encouraged to return to their work and responsibilities because this can help their recovery.)
- False
A: True

Q: Criticising or embarrassing a person who is suffering from psychosis will help them stop thinking in strange ways.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Treatment of psychosis involves treatment and support.Criticising or embarrassing a person is unlikely to help them and may well increase the distress they are already suffering.)
A: False

Q: Every psychative substance will cause dependence.
- True
- False (Correct! it is false. Psychoactive substances can cause addiction, but many people use substances, for example alcohol, in low amounts without becoming addicted.)
A: False

Q: Tolerance refers to the need to increase the amount of psychoactive substance to achieve the same effect.
- True (Correct! It is true. Psychoactive substances can cause tolerance, which is characterised by the need to increase the quantity of substances used in order to get the same level of effect as before.)
- False
A: True

Q: People who are addicted to alcohol and cannot stop drinking only have themselves to blame.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. This person may have started using substances voluntarily, but after a certain period of time brain changes will lead to involuntary use. This means the person should receive help and support in overcoming their addiction.)
A: False

Q: The presence of withdrawal symptoms is one sign of dependence.
- True (Correct! It is true. People who have developed an addiction will show withdrawal symptoms. Which particular symptoms are likely to occur depends on the type of substance used.)
- False
A: True

Q: Sleep hygiene means making sure that a person is clean before they go to sleep.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Sleep hygiene does not have anything to do with personal hygiene. It is the term used to describe good sleeping habits.)
A: False

Q: Problem solving involves telling a person how to solve their problems.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Instead of telling the person how to solve their problems, problem-solving means helping the person to find their own solutions to their problems.)
A: False

Q: Sedative medication is good for people who can’t sleep.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. In general, sedative medication is not the solution for people who have chronic sleep difficulties because of the risk that they will get addicted to the medicine.)
A: False

Q: In post-traumatic stress disorder the person keeps remembering the bad event that happened to them.
- True (Correct! It is true. A person with post-traumatic stress disorder typically has the following symptoms: (1) horrible memories or nightmares about the bad event; (2) not being able to relax because they are expecting more bad things to happen; (3) avoiding anything that reminds them of the bad event.)
- False
A: True

Q: Avoiding drinking coffee after lunchtime can help to improve sleep problems.
- True (Correct! It is true. Coffee can disturb a person’s sleep if drunk too late in the day.)
- False
A: True

Q: Intellectual disability is incurable and neither parents nor you can do much to help.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. It is true that there is no cure for intellectual disability (ID), but there is a range of things that both you and the child’s parents can do to help.)
A: False

Q: Beating a child is an important part of disciplining a child and will not affect the child’s development.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Beating a child is a form of child abuse. Frequent and severe physical abuse of a child can cause damage to the child’s physical and emotional development.Sometimes children may be punished or beaten so severely that they may sustain serious physical injuries including broken bones. This can also lead to delays in intellectual development.)
A: False

Q: When you speak to someone who uses a wheelchair, sit down so that both your heads are approximately at the same level. Is this situation of communication:
- appropriate (Correct! This type of communication is appropriate. When you speak to someone in a wheelchair, it is good to place yourself at eye level to facilitate the conversation.)
- inappropriate
A: appropriate

Q: When someone has difficulty speaking, interrupt them and try to finish their sentence for them so that they have to speak less. Is this situation of communication:
- appropriate
- inappropriate (Correct! This communication style is inappropriate. When someone has difficulty speaking it is important to be patient and wait for the person to finish their sentences, rather than to interrupt them or speak for them.)
A: inappropriate

Q: When you speak to someone who has an intellectual disability, you should ask all your questions at once so that you are finished quickly. Is this situation of communication:
- appropriate
- inappropriate (Correct! This communication style is inappropriate. When you speak to someone with an intellectual disability, you should try to speak slowly and in clear and short sentences. Ask one question at a time and give the person enough time to respond.)
A: inappropriate