Title: M
Course: Glossary

M

Macules - ሕብጠት ዘይብሉ ናይ ቆርበት ፀገም ወይ ድማ ሽግር

Skin lesions which are flat.

ሕብጠት ዘይብሉ ናይ ቆርበት ሽግር

Malaria - ዓሶ

An infection of the blood that causes chills and high fever. Malaria is spread by mosquitos. The mosquito sucks up the malaria parasites in the blood of an infected person and injects them into the next person it bites.

ብፕሮቶዝዋ ዝመፅእ ብጣንጡ ዝመሓላለፍ ምልክቱ ረስኒን ቁሪ ቁሪ ምባል ዝኾነ ሕማም

Malnutrition - ወህዲ ምግቢ

Health problems caused by not eating enough of the foods that the body needs.

ሰብነትና ዘድልዮ ዓይነትን መጠንን ብዘይምርካብ ዝመፅእ:: ናይ ሕብረተሰብ ጥዕና ንምሕላው ክእለት ምሕደራ ደቂ ሰባት ብጣዕሚ ኣገዳሲ እዩ

Malpresentation - ቆልዓ ክውለድ ከሎ ብዘይተደለየ ኣካሉ ኣብ ወሊድ ግዘ ክመፅእ ከሎ

Malpresentation is any presentation other than vertex (the top of the baby's skull is the presenting part). The most common malpresentations are breech.

ቆልዓ ክውለድ ከሎ ብዘይተደለየ ኣካሉ ኣብ ወሊድ ግዘ ክመፅእ ከሎ ንኣብነት ብመቀመጫኡ ክመፅእ ከሎ

Management - ምምሕዳር ወይ ምሕደራ

Management is quite simply getting things done through people. As a Health Extension Practitioner at community level, your job will involve management because it will help you achieve your intended goals. Using management techniques will help show you how to make changes to improve the health of everyone in your community.

ምሕደራ ማልት ስራሕ ብሳባት ንኽስራሕ ዝግበር ፃዕረ እዩ

Mania - ማንያ ወይ ድማ ሕማም ስነ ኣእምሮ

A form of severe mental illness in which a person is excessively happy or irritable (experiences extreme mood swings), and appears over-active.

ናይ ኣእምሮ ህማም ኮይኑ ደቂ ሰባት ኣዝዩ ናይ ደስታን ሓዘንን ምልክታት ከርእዩ ከለዉ

Marasmic-Kwashiorkor - ብሰንኪ ሕፅረት ዝተመጣጠነ ምግቢ ሕበጥ እግሪ ዝተሓወሶ የመና ቅጥነት/ምምንማን እንተጋጥም

A mixed form of both marasmus and kwashiorkor. It is characterized by the presence of both wasting and bilateral pitting oedema.

ኣብ ህፃናት ዝርአ ብሕፅረት ሓይሊ ወሃብትን ፕሮቲንን ዝሓዙ ምግብታት ዝመፅእ ካብ መጠን ንላዕሊ ቅጥነትን ሕበጥ ክልቲኡ እግሪን

Marasmus - የመና ቅጥነት/ምምንማን

A form of severe malnutrition. A child has marasmus if he is very thin, has reduced subcutaneous fat, and looks like skin and bones. Some children are thin but do not have visible severe wasting.

ኣብ ህፃናት ዝርአ ብሕፅረት ሓይሊ ውሃብቲ ምግቢታት ዝመፅእ ካብ መጠን ንላዕሊ ቅጥነት/ምምንማን ሰውነት

Mastitis - ረኽሲ ጡብ ኣደ

Painful inflammation of the breast due to bacterial infection; usually in the first weeks or months of nursing a baby. It causes part of the breast to become hot, red, and swollen.

ብባክቴርያ ዝመፅእ ረኽሲ ጡብ ኣደ

Mastoiditis - ረኽሲ ድሕሪ እዝኒ ዝርከብ ዓፅሚ

A deep infection in the mastoid bone. The mastoid bone, which sits behind the ear, consists of air spaces that help drain the middle ear.

ረኽሲ ድሕሪ እዝኒ ዝርከብ ዓፅሚ

MDA - ማሕበረ ሰብ ማእኸል ዝገበረ መደሓኒት መሃብ

Community-directed mass drug administration (MDA).

ማሕበረ ሰብ ማእኸል ዝገበረ መደሓኒት መሃብ

MDR-TB - መድሓኒት ዝተላመደ ዓባይ ሰዓል ወይ ሕማም ተቢ

Throughout the world, there are almost 30,000 cases of multidrug resistant-TB (MDR-TB), a form of TB that does not respond to the standard treatments using the drugs most commonly used against TB.

መድሓኒት ዝተላመደ ዓባይ ሰዓል ወይ ሕማም ተቢ

Mean - ማእኸላይ ውፂኢት

The average of a series of measurements or scores. To calculate the mean, you add up all the individual measurements or scores and then divide this by how many numbers there are.

ማእኸላይ ውፂኢት:: ማእኸላይ ውፂኢት ንምርካብ ኩሎም ውፂአት ዓቀናት ደሚርካ ንበዝሒ እቶም ዝተወስዱ ዓቀናት ምክፋል እዩ

Measles - ንፍዮ

Measles is a highly transmissible infectious disease caused by the measles virus. Most cases occur in children aged between six months and two years.Initial signs and symptoms typically include fever, often greater than 40 °C, cough, runny nose, and red eyes.Two or three days after the start of symptoms small white spots may form inside the mouth. A red flat rash typically begins three to five days after the first symptoms.

ኣዝዩ ተመሓላላፊ፣ሓያል ረስኒ ሰዓልን ምቕያሕ ዓኒን ዝምልክቱ ብዙሕ ጊዜ ዕድሚኦም ካብ 6ተ ወርኢ ክሳብ 2ተ ዓመት ኣብ ዝኾኖም ህፃናት ዝርአ ሕማም እዩ

Meconium - ፅሕፃሕ ቆልዓ

The baby's first stool (greenish-black in colour).

ናይ መጀመርያ ቆፃል ፅሕፃሕ ሕንጦ

Medial - ማእኸላዊ

Towards the midline of the body.

ንሰብነትና ማእኸላዊ ክፍሊ ዝቐረበ

Median - ኣብ ማእኸል ዝርከብ ዓቀን

A measure of central location, where half of the measures are below and the other half are above this value.

ኣብ ማእኸል ዝርከብ ዓቀን

Menses - ወርሓዊ ፅጊያ ኣደ

Menstruation. Monthly bleeding in women.

ኣብ ደቂ ኣንስቲዮ በብወርሑ ዝርአ ምፍሳስ ደም

Menopause - ማረጥ ወይ ድማ ኣደ ናይ አዴታታ ክተርፋ ከሎ

The time when a woman naturally stops having monthly bleeding, usually between the ages of 40 and 50.

ዕድሚአን ካብ 40-50 ዝኮና ድታት ዝኽሰት ጠጠው ምባል ወርሓዊ መድመይቲ ወይ ድማ ናይ ኣዴታታ ጠጠው ክብል ከሎ

Message - መልእኽቲ

A piece of information that contains a combination of ideas, facts, opinions, feelings or attitudes. A message is something that is considered important for the audience to know or do.

መልእኽቲ ማለት ንሰማዕቲ ዘገድስ ሓበሬታ ማልት እዩ

Metabolism - ሜታቦሊዝም

The process by which food is built up into living material or used to supply energy in a living organism.

ዝተወሰደ ምግቢ ናብ ሓይሊ ወይ ሰውነት ንምህናፅ ዝቕየረሉ መንገዲ ወይ ድማ ስርዓት ማልት እዩ

Micro-organisms - ንኡሳት ብዓይኒ ክረአዩ ዘይክእሉ ሂወት ዘለዎም ኣካላት

A tiny plant or animal so small it can only be seen with the aid of a microscope.

ንኡሳት ብዓይኒ ክረአዩ ዘይክእሉ ሂወት ዘለዎም ኣካላት

Micro-ponds - ኩሬ

The most common man-made structures in Ethiopia, used to harvest rain water for horticulture and small scale irrigation.

ንእንስሳትን ኣትክልቲን መስተይ ተሓሲቡ ማይ ዝዓቑረሉ ጉድÕድ

Microbiology - ደቀቅቲ ህይወታውያን ዘፅንዕ ሳይነስ

The science that deals with the study of microorganisms.

ፅንዓት ብዛዕባ ብዓይኒ ክረአዩ ዘይክእሉ ንኡሳት ሂወት ዘለዎም ኣካላት

Microlesions - መጠኑ ዝነአሰ ቁስለት

Minor lesions.

መጠኑ ዝነአሰ ቁስለት

Micronutrients - መይክሮ ኒውትረንት

As their name indicates ('micro' means small) micronutrients are substances which people need in their diet in only small amounts. These include minerals and vitamins. Although most foods are mixtures of nutrients, many of them contain a lot of one nutrient and a little of the other nutrients.

ንደቂ ሰባት ብንእሽቶን መጠን ዘድልይዎም ዓይነት ምግብታት

Migraine - መርዘን

A severe, throbbing headache, sometimes on one side of the head only. It often causes vomiting.

ሓያል ሕማም ርእሲ ብዙሕ ጊዜ ንዓቐብ ዘብል

Misbranding - ኣብ መዐሸጊ ምግቢ ዝፅሓፍ ሽም ነቲ ምግቢ ዘይገልፆ ሽም እንትኸውን

When any label, writing or other printed or graphic matter on a food container is false or misleading. Misbranding violates food safety regulations and is unlawful.

ኣብ መዐሸጊ ምግቢ ዝፅሓፍ ሽም ነቲ ምግቢ ዘይገልፆ ሽም እንትኸውን

Miscarriage - ምጭንጋፍ ጥንሲ

Spontaneous abortion. The death of the developing baby or fetus in the womb, sometimes followed by heavy bleeding with blood clots.

ጥንሲ ዕድሚኡ ከይበፀሐ ብደም መልክዕ ክውፃእ ከሎ

Minerals - ማዕድናት

Simple metals or other things the body needs, such as iron, calcium or iodine.

ንነብስና ኣድላይቲ ዝኮኑ ከም ካልሲም፣ ሓፂን፣ ኣዮዲን ዝበሉ ማዕድናት

MMR - ሞት አዶታት መዐቀኒ

The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is defined as the number of maternal deaths in a given year, in a particular area (which can be a whole country, or a region, or a community such as your community), divided by the number of live births in the same year and area. The result is multiplied by 100,000 live births, so that comparisons can be made with other years and other areas.

ኣብ ዝተወሰነ ቦታ ዘሎ ሞት አዶታት ብ100000 ብሂወት በዝተወለዱ ህፃናት ቁፅሪ ተባዚሑ ዝርከብ ዊፅኢት

Mode - ብተደጋጋሚ ዝርአ ውፅኢት መዐቀኒ

The most common result (the most frequent value) of a test, survey or experiment.

ኣብ ሙከራ ብተደጋጋሚ ዝርአ ውፅኢት

Model - መሲሉ ዝስራሕ መምሃሪ መሳርሒ

A representation, to show the construction or appearance of something.

መሲሉ ዝስራሕ መምሃሪ መሳርሒ

Modifiable - ክቕየር ወይ ክስተኻኸል ዝኽእል

Changeable or controllable.

ክቕየር ወይ ክስተኻኸል ዝኽእል

Monitoring - ክትትል

A process by which priority data and/or information is routinely collected, analysed, used and disseminated to see progress towards the achievement of planned targets. This helps the managers take timely corrective actions in order to improve performance.

ሓደ ስራሕ ብዝተዓቀደሉ መንገዲ ይስራሕ ምህላዉ ምቁፅፃርነ ወይ ምክትታል

Mood - ሙድ ወይ ድማ ኣእምራዊ ስምዒት

A people's feeling state that varies depending on the events that happen around them. Sad events such as sickness or the death of a loved one produce a sad mood. Happy events, such as attending a wedding, induce a happy mood.

ብኹነታት ዝቀያየር ኣእምራዊ ስምዒት

Morality - ቅንዕና

Goodness. Abiding to the rules of right conduct.

ትኽክለኛ ነገር ምግባር ወይ ድማ ምስራሕ

Mortality - ሞት

Death.

ሞት

Morula - ሞሩላ

Solid ball of cells after three days of human embryo fertilisation.

ናይ Õል ኣንስተይቲ እንቁላሊሕን ናይ ወዲ ተባዕትዮ ዘርእን ተራኺቦም ዝፈጥርዎ

Moulding - ሞውልዲንግ

The extent of overlapping of fetal skull bones as the baby's head is forced down the birth canal. It can produce a pointed or flattened shape to the baby’s head when it is born.

ኣብ ወሊድ ግዜ ዝክሰት ምድርራብ ኣዕፅምቲ መንበስብሰቲ እቲ ሕንጠይ

Mucus - ሙከስ

A thick, slippery liquid that moistens and protects the linings of the nose, throat, stomach, guts and vagina.

ኣብ ኣፍንጫ ፣ጎሮሮ፣ ጨጎራን መዓናጡን ዝልጠፍ ንፋጥ መሳሊ ፈሳሲ

Multigravida - ካብ ክልተ ንላዕሊ ዝጠነሰት ኣዶ

A pregnant woman who has been pregnant two or more times.

ካብ ክልተ ንላዕሊ ዝጠነሰት ኣዶ

Multipara - ኣዶ ብዙሓት

A woman who has previously given birth to live babies at least twice before now.

ካብ ክልተ ንላዕሊ ዝወለደት ኣዶ

MVA - ኤም ቪ ኤ

Manual vacuum aspiration or MVA (Medical abortion): using an instrument like a syringe operated by hand that creates a negative pressure to suck out the contents of the uterus.

መምጣጢ ወይ ድማ ናይ ውርጃ መሳርሒ

Myometrium - ግድግዳ ማህፀን

The muscle layer in the wall of the uterus.

ግድግዳ ማህፀን