Title: E
Course: Glossary

E

Eclampsia - ብሰንኪ ኣብ ግዘ ጥንሲ ዝመፅእ ፀቅጢ ደም ዝኽሰት ምንቅጥቃጥ ሰብነት

Sudden fits, especially during pregnancy or childbirth.

ብሰንኪ ኣብ ግዘ ጥንሲ ዝመፅእ ፀቅጢ ደም ዝኽሰት ድንገታዊ ምንቅጥቃጥ ሰብነት

Ecosystem - ስነ ከባቢ

An ecosystem includes all the living organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms), their physical environment and the interactions between them.

ስነ ከባቢ ማለት ኩሎም ሰነ ህይወታውያንን ከባበኦምን ዘሓዘ ኮይኑ ርክብ ክልቲኦም ዘሎ ዝምድና ውን የካትት እዩ

EDD - ኢዲዲ

Expected date of delivery (EDD) and the gestational age of the fetus. Calculating the EDD and gestational age will help you to identify whether the labour is preterm, term or post-term.

ህፃን ክውለድ ትፅቢት ዝግበረሉ መዓልቲ ኢዲዲ ይበሃል:: ህፃን ዝውለደሉ መዕልቲ ናይ ጥንሲ ዕድመ ብምቁፃር ኣቢልካ ይፍለጥ ከምኡ ድማ እቲ ህፃን ኣብ ጊዜኡ ድዩ ተወሊዱ ወይስ ኣቀዲሙ ዶ ወይስ ዲሒሩ እዩ ዝብል ንምፍልጥ ይሕግዝ::

Effect - ውፂኢት

A result. A change produced by an action or cause.

ውፂኢት ማለት ብተግባር ወይ ድማ ብምኽንያት ዝመፅእ ለውጢ እዩ::

Effectiveness - ውፂኢታውነት

Producing an effect. Making a big impression.

ለውጢ የምፅእ:: ዓብይ ለውጢ የርእይ

Efficiency - ብኽነት ዘይብሉ ኣጠቃቅማ ሃፍቲ ንውፂኢታውነት

The extent to which you have achieved your objectives with the available amount of resources.

ብኽነት ዘይብሉ ኣጠቃቅማ ሃፍቲ ውፂኢታውነት ንምርግጋፅ::

Elimination - ምጥፋእ

In Public Health, elimination is reduction to zero (or a target very close to zero) of cases of a particular communicable disease in a particular geographic area.

ኢሊሚኔሽን ማለት በዝሒ ሕሙማት ናብ ዜሮ ወይ ድማ ናብ ጥቃ ዜሮ ምውራድ ማለት እዩ:: ብፍላይ ተመሓላለፍቲ ሕማማት ኣብ ሓደ ኸባቢ::

Embryo - ደቂ

Embryo: the developing human from fertilisation to the eighth week of pregnancy.

ሽሙናተ ሰሙን ዝገበረ ድቂ ወይ ጥንሲ ማለት እዩ::

Enamel - ቅርፊት ስኒ

The hard white shiny substance which gives great strength to the tooth.

ጠንካራ ዘንፀባርቅ ፃዕዳ ሽፋን ስኒ

ENC - ኢኤንሲ

Essential newborn care (ENC) includes immediate care at birth, care during the first day and up to 28 days.

ናፅላ ካብ ዝውለድ ጀሚሩ ክሳብ 28 መዓልቲ ዝግብር ኣድላይ ክንክን የካትት

Encephalopathy - ሕማም ሓንጎል

A disease of the brain.

ሕማም ሓንጎል

Endemic - ሓደ ሕማም ኣብ ሓደ ከባቢ ኩሉ ጊዜ እንትርአ

Always present at a relatively constant rate. A communicable disease is said to be endemic in a region or country if it is always present there.

ሓደ ሕማም ኣብ ሓደ ከባቢ ኩሉ ጊዜ ብተነፃፃሪ ብሓደ ዓይነት መጠን እንትርአ

Endometritis - ረኽሲ ማህፀን

Endometritis is an infectious process involving the inner wall of the uterus (the endometrium). It is commonly caused by bacteria ascending from the vagina, or bacteria transferred to the reproductive tract from the rectum and anus.

ኣብ ውሽጢ ግድግዳ ማህፀን ዝርአ ረኽሲ ኮይኑ እቲ ባክተርያ ብበዝሒ ካብ ታሕቲ ማለት ካብ ከባቢ ብልዕቲን ፊንጢጣ ናብ ላዕሊ ዝወፅእ እዩ

Endometrium - ግድግዳ ውሽጢ ማህፀን

The lining if the uterus.

ግድግዳ ውሽጢ ማህፀን

Engagement - ቆልዓ ናብ ጎሎ እንትወርድ

Engagement is when the fetal head enters (i.e. the head is engaged) into the pelvic inlet.

ርእሲ ዕሸል ናብ ጎሎ እንትወርድ

Engorgement - ሕነጥ ጡብ

Congestion with blood. Swelling of the breast.

ጡብ ኣደ እንትሓብጥ

Enrich - ትሕዝቶ ሓደ ነገር ምውሳኽ

Improve the quality by adding things. E.g. Enrich the food by adding some oil or butter.

ትሕዝቶ ሓደ ነገር ምውሳኽ ንኣብነት ትሕዝቶ ምግቢ ዘይቲ ወይ ጠስሚ ብምውሳኽ ምምሕያሽ

Enuresis - ሽንቲ ዘይምቁፅፃር

Involuntary urination, either during the daytime or at night, and occurring at an age when complete bladder control is expected.

ኣብ ዓበይቲ ሰባት ቀትሪ ወይ ለይቲ ሽንቲ ምቁፅፃር እንትኣቢ

Environment - ከባቢ

Within public health, the environment includes all those matters related to health which are external to the human body and over which the individual has little or no control. The environment includes all other factors that either promote or prohibit disease transmission.

ኣብ ከባቢና እንረኽቦም ነገራት ኮይኖም ምስ ጥዕና ደቂ ሰባት ረኽቢ ዘለዎምን ካብ ቁፅፅር ወፃኢ ዝኾኑ ነገራትን ንደቂ ሰባት ንሕማም ዘቃልዑ ወይ ድማ ሕማም ክይመሓለለፍ ዝዓግቱ የጠቃልል

Enzymes - ኢንዛይም

Enzymes are chemical substances produced by cells in the body, which cause a particular chemical reaction to happen while not being changed themselves.

ኢንዛይም ማለት ኣብ ውሽጢ ሰብነት ብዋህዮ ዝስራሕ ንጥረ ነገር ከይኑ ንባዕሉ ከይተቀየረ ንጥረ ነገራት ንክብላዕልዑ ይገብር

EPI - ኢፒኣይ

The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) began in 1974 when the World Health Assembly pledged to ensure that all children in all countries receive life-saving vaccines. Each year, immunization now prevents more than 2.5 million deaths among children worldwide.

ዝርገሐ መርሃ ግብሪ ክታበት ኣብ 1974 እ ፈ ዝተጀመረ ኾይኑ ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም ብዝፈቀዶ መሰረት ኣብ ኩሉ ዓዲ ዝርከቡ ኩሎም ህፃናት ህይወት መድሕን ክትባት ክርኽበ ወሲኑ ንህፃናት ብዝዋሃብ ክታብት ኣቢሉ በቢ ዓመቱ 2.5 million ሞት ህፃናት ይንኪ፡፡

Epidemic - ለበዳ

An outbreak of disease affecting many persons in a community or region at the same time.

ሕማም ለበዳ ኣብ ሓደእዋን ኣብ ሓድ ቦታ ቡዝሓት ሰባት ይጥቀዕ

Epidemiology - ስርጭትን ዘርገሐን መበገሲ ምኽንያት ሕማምሠማት ዘፅንዕ ሳይነስ እዩ

Epidemiology is the statistical study of the occurrence, distribution, potential causes and control of diseases, disabilities or other health problems in human populations.

ስርጭትን ዘርገሐን መበገሲ ምኽንያት ሕማምሠማት ዘፅንዕ ሳይነስ እዩ

Epilepsy - ዘውድቅ ሕማም

A chronic or longstanding condition caused by abnormal electrical conductions in the brain.

ብሰንኪ ኣብ ሓንጎል ዝፍጠር ምቁርራፅ መልእኽቲ ዝመፅእ ሕማም እዩ

Epileptic - ኢፕለፕቲክ

Epilepsy is characterised by recurrent seizures (sometimes called fits). A seizure is caused by a sudden burst of excess electrical activity in the brain, causing a temporary disruption in the normal messages passing between brain cells. This disruption results in the brain's messages becom

ኢፒለፕሲ ዘሓዞ ሰብ ሰውነቱ ይንቅጥቀጥ ከምኡ እውን ውነኡ ይስሕት:: እዙይ ድማ ብሰንኪ ኣብ ሓንጎል ብዝፍጠር በዝሒ ናይ ኤሌክትርከ ምንቅስቃስ ኣብ መንጎ ናይ ሓንጎል ዋህዮታት ብዝፍጠር ጊዝያዊ ምቁራፅ ምትሕልላፍ መልእኽቲ ዝመፅእ ሕማም እዩ:

Epithelium - ሽፋን ውሽጢ ኣካል ሰብነት

(Plural: Epithelia). The tissue forming the outer layer of the body or of an open cavity.

ሽፋን ውሽጢ ኣካል ሰብነት ማልት ኤዩ

Eradication - ካብ ሓደ ማሕበረሰብ ሓደ ሕማም መሊኡ እንትጠፍእ

The total and sustained disappearance of the disease from the population.

ካብ ሓደ ማሕበረሰብ ሓደ ሕማም መሊኡ እንትጠፍእ

Errors - ጌጋታት

Errors (mistakes) can result from incorrect reading of the data, incorrect reporting, incorrect filing or incorrect typing.

ጌጋታት ዳታ ብትኽክል ካብ ዘይምንባብ፣ ናይ ሓሶት ሪፖርት፣ ትኽክል ዘይኮነ ኣታሕዛ ፋይል ወይ ድማ ኣፃሓሕፋ ክመፅእ ይኽእል

Ethics - ስነ ምግባር

Ethics is the branch of philosophy, which takes a systematic approach to define social and individual morality.

ስነ ምግባር ማለት ሓደ ኽፋል ፊሎሶፊ ኮይኑ እንታይ እዩ ትኽክል እንታይ እዩ ኸ ጌጋ ኢሉ ዝትንትን እዩ

Eutrophication - ኢዩትሪፊኬሽን

The ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, mainly phosphates, through detergents, fertilizers, or sewage, to an aquatic system. E.g. a sudden increase in the population of microscopic algae. If a water body has high nutrient levels it is said to be eutrophic. The main problem of eutrophication is that the suddenly increased population of aquatic plants can die off equally quickly.

ብተወሰኽቲ ግዳማዊ ኣካላት ዝመፅእ ለውጢ ተፈጥሮ፡፡

Evaluation - ገምጋማዊ መፅናዕቲ

Evaluation is the systematic collection, analysis and reporting of information about health education activities. Evaluating means finding out how well you are doing in your health education work in your community, and making a judgment about your achievements.

ገምጋማዊ መፅናዕቲ ማለት መረዳእታ ጥዕና ብሜላ ብምእካብን ብምትንታንን ሪፖረት ብምገባርን ዝካየድ ኮይኑ ስራሕቲ ጥዕና ለውጢ ምምፃኦምን ዘይምምፃኦምን እንርእየሉ መፅናዕቲ እዩ

Evaporation - ትነት

Evaporation is the change from a liquid to a gas. When the sun shines on the surface of water, water molecules evaporate from the water body into the atmosphere. Newborns lose heat by evaporation after delivery or after a bath.

ትነት ማለት ፈሳሲ ናብ ጋዝ እንትቅየር ማለት እዩ፡፡ ኣብነት፡ ኣብ ፅሓይ ግዘ ማይ ብትነት መልክዕ ናብ ሰማይ ይወፅእ

Exception - ብዘይካ

Not included. A thing that does not follow the general rule.

ብዘይካ ሓደ ነገር ኢሉውን ካብቲ ጠቅላላ ኣሰራርሓ ውፅእ ዝበለ

Exercise - ምልምማድ

An activity that requires physical or mental effort, done for the sake of health.

ናይ ኣካል ወይ ኣእምሮ ፃዕሪ ዘድልዮ ንጥዕና ተባሂሉ ዝግበር ስራሕቲ

Expectations - ትፅቢት

Expecting. Looking forward with hope or pleasure.

በተስፋ ትፅቢት ዝግበረሉ ነገር

Expulsion - ንግዳም ምውፃእ

Expelling. E.g. Expulsion of baby's head.

ሓደ ነገር ንግዳም እንትወፅእ፡፡ ንኣብነት ርእሲ ቆልዓ ካብ ማህፀን እንትወፅእ

Extension - መቐፀልታ/ምዝርጋሕ

The amount, degree, or range to which something extends or can extend. e.g. the act of straightening or extending a limb.

ሓድ ነገር ክበፅሖ ዝኽእል መጠን ወይ ዲግሪ ንኣብነት እግሪ ክዝርጋሕ እንከሎ

Exudate - ፈሳሲ

Emission. Discharge. A substance that is released or emitted.

ዝወፅእ ፈሳሲ

Eyelashes - ቅርንብ ፀጉሪ ዓይኒ

Eyelashes are small hairs growing from the edges of the eyelids.

ቅርንብ ፀጉሪ ዓይኒ

Eyelids - ሽፋን ዓይኒ

The eyelids are muscular folds of skin above and below your eyes that can open and close like a gate covering and revealing the eye. They protect the eye from foreign matter, such as dust, dirt and other debris that might damage the eyes.

ብላዕልን ታሕትን ዕይኒ ዝርክብ ሽፋን ዓይኒ ኮይኑ ንዓይኒ ሓደጋ ከይበፅሖ ዝከላኸል እዩ