Title: I
Course: Glossary

I

Ice-packs - በረዶ ዘመልአ ፕላስቲክ ጠርሙስ

Ice-packs are flat, rectangular plastic bottles filled with water and then either kept at refrigerator temperature, or frozen and then conditioned for use in vaccine carriers and cold boxes. The number of ice-packs required for a cold box or vaccine carrier varies.

በረዶ ዝመልአ ፕላስቲክ ክታብት ንምሓዝን ንምጉዓዝን ይጠቅም

Identify - ምፍላይ

Determine, place, know.

ምፍላጥን ምፍላይን

Illicit - ብሕጊ ዝተኸልከለ

Not legally permitted or authorized. Illicit substances are those which are prohibited by law.

ብሕጊ ዝተኸልከለ ወይ ዘይተፈቅደ ንኣብነት ብሕጊ ዝተኸልከል ንጥረ ነገር ወይ መድሓኒት

Illness - ሕማም

Unhealthy condition, poor health, sickness.

ጥዕና ዘይብሉ ኩነታት

Immune-competent - ልዑል ሕማም ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቅሚ

An immune-competent person is an individual whose immune system is healthy and functions normally.

ልዑል ሕማም ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቅሚ ዘለዎ ሰብ

Immunity - ዓቅሚ ምክልኻል ተመሓላለፍቲ ሕማማት

The resistance of an individual to communicable diseases caused by infectious agents. The main types of infectious agents are bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and parasites

ፅቡቅ ዓቅሚ ምክልኻል ተመሓላለፍቲ ሕማማት ዘለዎ ሰብ እቶም ተመሓላለፍቲ ነገራት ድማ ባክተርያ ቫይረስ ፋንገስ ፕሮቶዝዋን ፓራሳይትስ ክኾኑ ይኽእሉ እዮም

Immunization - ክትባት

Medicines that give protection against specific diseases, for example, diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis and measles.

ምድሓኒት ኮይኑ ሕማም ንምክልኻል ዘኽእል ንኣብነት ክትባት ዲፍተርያ ሁፒንግ ካፍ ቴታነስ ፖለዮ ቲቢ ንፍዮን

Immunogenic - ሕማማት ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቅሚ ንምፍጣር ዘኽእል

Causing or capable of producing immunity.

ሕማማት ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቅሚ ንምፍጣር ዘኽእል ነጥረ ነገር

IMNCI - ኣይኤምኤንሲኣይ

Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) is an integrated approach to child health that focuses on the wellbeing of the whole child. It is a strategy that integrates all available measures for health promotion, prevention and integrated management of childhood diseases through their early detection and effective treatment, and promotion of healthy habits within the family and community.

ዝተዋደደ ምብልፃግ ጥዕናን ምክልኻል ሕማማትን ምሕካም ዝሓመሙ ህፃናትን ዘካትት ኮይኑ ድሕንነት እቲ ህፃን ንምርግጋፅ ዝግበር ኣንፍት ግልጋልት ጥዕና እዩ

Impact - ሳዕቤን ወይ ውፅኢት

An impact is an immediate effect or change produced by an intervention. In health education, these immediate changes may include changes in awareness, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, skills or health-related behaviours. Impact evaluation refers to assessing the immediate effects of your health education campaign/program.

ሓደ ነገር ብምስራሕኻ ዝመፅእ ለወጢ:: ንኣብነት ጥዕና ኣስተምህሮ ምስ ሃብካ ዝመፅእ ለውጢ ኣብ ምፍልጠት እምነት ኣመለኻኽታ ኢሉ እውን ኣብ ክእለትን ተግባ ርን ዝመፅእ ለውጢ

Impairment - ምጉዳል/ምትእጉጋል

The state of being diminished, weakened, or damaged, especially mentally or physically. E.g. visual impairment is a decreased ability to see.

ሓደ ነገር እንትቅንስ ወይ እንትዳሸም ወይ ድማ እንትጉዳእ ማለት እዩ በተለይ ድማ

Implanon - ሜላ ጥንሲ መከላኸሊ ኣብ ቅልፅም ኢድ ዝቅበር

A single-rod contraceptive implant prepared from another type of progestin, which gives effective protection for three years. It looks like a small flexible plastic matchstick. It can be inserted into the arm following a simple procedure, similar to an injection.

ሜላ ጥንሲ መከላኸሊ ኣብ ቅልፅም ኢድ ዝቅበር ኮይኑ ፕሮጀስተሮን ዝባሃል ንጥረ ነገር ዝሓዘ እዩ

Implantation - ድቂ ኣብ ማህጸን እንትትከል

In human fertilisation, implantation occurs when the blastocyst reaches the uterus and embeds itself in the thickened endometrium (lining of the uterus).

ድቂ ናብ ማህጸን ወሪዱ ኣብ ግድገዳ ወይ ድማ መንደቅ ማህፀን ክትከል ከሎ

Implementation - ትግበራ

To carry out. The act of converting your planning, goals, objectives and strategies into action.

ስራሕ ተሰሪሑ ትልሚ ሽቶን ዕላማን እቲ ስራሕ ክዕወት ከሎ

Implication - ሳዕቤን

Implying, implicating. Suggest without stating directly, hint.

ሳዕቤን ሓድ ነግር

Important - ኣድልይ

Of much or great significance or value.

ኣድልይ ወይ ድማ ብጣዕሚ ጠቃሚ ዝኾነ ነገር

Incest - ርክብ ግብረ ስጋ ኣብ መንጎ ብደም ዝተኣሳሰሩ ሰባት

Sexual activity between two people who are considered, for moral or genetic reasons, too closely related to have such a relationship.

ርክብ ግብረ ስጋ ኣብ መንጎ ብቀረባ ብደም ዝተኣሳሰሩ ደቂ ሰባት

Incidence - ገጠመኝ

Occurence. Incidence of disease refers to the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a given period. It conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.

ብሕማም ዝተትሓዙ ሓደሽቲ ሕሙማት ኣብ ሓደ እዋን ክርከቡ ከለዉ እዙይ ድማ ሓደጋ በቲ ሕማም ናይ ምትሓዝ ከም ዘሎ የመላክት

Incineration - ምቅፃል (ምሕራር)

To burn. In waste management terms, incineration means burning in a controlled and managed process usually at high temperature.Incineration is a good way of disposing of waste, because it completely destroys needles, syringes, glass vials, and infectious agents by burning at very high temperatures.

ምቅፃል (ምሕራር):: ስርዓት ብዝለዎ መንገዲ ወይ ድማ ብዝተማለአ ምሕደራ መሰረት ብሓያሎ መቁት ኣብ ጥቅሚ ዝወዓል መሳርሒ ሕክምናን ጋሓፍ መሓፍን ምቅፃል:: ምቅፃል ሓደ ፍቱን ጉሓፍ ኣወጋግዳ ሜላ እዩ::ምኽንያቱ ድማ መርፍእ ግላቭ ጠርሙስን ሕማም ዘምፅኡ ተህዋስይንን ምልእ ብምሉእ ከጥፍይ ስለዝኽእል እዩ::

Inclusion - ምክታት

The act of including. Involving someone or something to be part of a whole.

ሰባት ኣብ ሓደ ነገር ምስታፍ ወይ ድማ ምክታት

Incontinent - ምቁፅጻር ዘይምክኣል

Unable to control urine.

ሽንቲ ይኹን ሰገራ ምቁፅጻር ዘይምክኣል

Indicator - መለክዒ

Device or instrument that records changes, indicating the condition of something/someone. In monitoring child growth, an indicator is an index (for example, a scale showing weight for age, or weight for height) combined with specific cut-off values that help you determine whether a child is underweight or malnourished; for example, a child whose weight for age, or weight for height, falls below the cut-off values. In health education, indicators are used to measure changes related to intervention.

መለክዒ ለውጢ ምምፅኡን ዘይምምፃኡን ንምልካዕ ወይ ድማ ንምፍላጥ ይጠቅም:: ንኣብነት ክትትል ዕብየት ቆልዓ ክብደት ምስ ዕድመ እንትነፃር ከምኡ ውን ክብደት ምስ ቁመት እንትነፃፀር እቲ ቀልዓ ሕፅረት ምግቢ ኣለዎ ዶ የብሉን ኢልካ ንምንፃር ዝጠቅም መዐቀኒ ወይ መለክዒ እዩ

Infant - ህፃን

Baby or young child aged less than one year.

ዕድሚኡ ካብ ሓደ ዓመት ንታሕቲ ዝኾነ ህፃን

Infection - ረኽሲ

A sickness caused by bacteria or other germs. Infections may affect part of the body only or all of it.

ብዝተፈላለዩ ጀርምታት ወይ ተህዋስያን ዝመፅእ ንሕማም ከቃልዕ ዝክእል ረኸሲ

Inferior - ዝወረደ

Below. Lower in place or position. Less important.

ጥቕሙ/ዋግኡ ዝቐነሰ ወይ ዝወረደ

Infertility - ምምካን

The inability to conceive a child after having unprotected sexual intercourse for a period of at least one year.

ካብ ሓደ ዓመት ንላዕሊ ጥንቃቐ ዘይብሉ ወሲብ ፈፂምካ ክትጠንስ ወይ ክተጥንስ ዘይምክኣል

Inflammation - ምቑጣዕ

An area that is red, hot, and painful often because of infection.

ብመጉዳእቲ ወይ ብረክሲ ምኽንያት ምቑጣዕ ሰውነት

Initial - ናይ መጀመርያ

First. E.g. first visit or initial visit.

ናይ መጀመርያ/ቐዳሚ

Innovators - ፈጠርቲ

The first individuals to adopt an innovation.

ናይ ሓደ ነገር ንመጀመርያ ጊዜ ፈጠርቲ

Inorganic - ኢንኦርጋኒክ

Not having the structure or organization characteristic of living bodies. Foodstuffs are of two main kinds: organic (carbohydrate, proteins, fats) and inorganic (water, various mineral elements and vitamins).

ናይ ሂወት ዘለዎም ኣካላት አፈጣጥራ ዘይብሎም:: ክልተ ዓይነት ምግብታት ኣለው ንሳቶም ውን ኦርጋንክን ኢንኦርጋንክን ይባሃሉ :: ኦርጋኒክ ዝበሃሉ ካርቦሃይድሬት ፋትን ፕሮትንን እንትኾኑ ኢኖረጋነክ ድማ ቫይታሚንስ ማይን ሚነራላትን የጠቃልል::

Insecticides - ፀረ ባልዕ ወይ ፀረ ንፍሳት

A poison that kills insects. E.g. Insecticides are used to kill mosquitoes and protect communities from mosquito bites.

ነፍሳት ዝቀትል መርዚ ንኣብነት ፀረነፍሳት ጣንጡ ዝቀትልን ሕብረተስብ ካብ ጣንጡ ዝከላኸልን ክኸውን ይኽእል እዩ::

Insomnia - ሕማም ድቃስ ምስኣን

A condition in which a person is not able to sleep, even though he wants and needs to.

ሕማም ድቃስ ምስኣን:: ሰብ ድቃስ እናደለየ ምድቃስ ክሰኣኖ ከሎ::

Insulin - ኢንሱሊን

Insulin has many functions, but its main role is to help glucose enter into the body's cells, so they can use it as a fuel for all the processes that need energy. The pancreas releases insulin into the blood when we eat a meal.

ኢንሱሊን ብዙሕ ጥቅሚ ኣለዎ:: ሰውነትና ዘድልዮ ሃይሊ ናብ ወህዮ ንኽኣቱ ንኽረክብ ዝጠቅም ዉህድ እዩ::

Intensity - መጠን ሓይሊ

Great energy, strength, concentration of an activity, thought or feeling.

ሓያል ፅዓት ወይ ድማ ሓይሊ:: ፃዓቂ ሓደ ነግር::

Intervention - ተግባር

An intervention for the disease that targets the source, environment or the host. An intervention is a way of stopping the disease from being transmitted.

ሕማም/ሽግር ንምፍታሕ ዝግበር ተግባራዊ መፍትሒ

Interviewing - ቃለ መጠይቕ

Interviewing involves oral questioning of respondents, either individually or as a group. This is a face-to-face or personal interview method and requires a person, the interviewer, asking questions to the other person, the respondent.

ቃለ መጠይቕ ንውለቀ ሰባት ወይ ድማ ንጉጅለ ምግባር

Intradermal (ID) - ብቆርበት ዝወሃብ

Within or between the layers of the skin. The vaccine is injected into the top layers of the skin.

ኣብ ውሽጢ ወይ ድማ መንጎ ቆርበት:: ኣብ ላእላዋይ ነፀላ ቆርበት ዝወሃብ ክትባት::

Intramuscular (IM) - ብጭዋዳ ዝወሃብ

Within the muscle. The vaccine is injected into the muscle, usually of the arm or the buttock.

ኣብ ውሽጢ ጭዋዳ:: ንኣብነት ኣብ ጭዋዳ ዝወሃብ ክታበት

Intravenous (IV) - ብደም ሱር ዝወሃብ

Within the vein. Infusion of liquid substances directly into a vein.

ብደም ሱር ዝወሃብ መድሓኒት

Iris - ኣይሪስ

The iris is the coloured part of your eye around the pupil.

ፀላም ጋል ዓይኒ

Ischium - ኢስኬም

The ischium is the thick lower part of the pelvis, formed from two fused bones, one on either side.

ብክልትኡ ጎኒ መቀመጫና ዝርከብ ዓፅሚ

Isolation - ምፍላይ

The complete separation from others of a person with a contagious or infectious disease. It is important to isolate people with highly severe and easily transmitted diseases.

ኣዝዩ ዝመሓላለፍ ሕማም ዘለዎ ሰብ ካብ ካልኦት ጥዑያት ሰባት ምፍላይ

ITNs - ፀረ ጣንጡ ዛንዚራ

Insecticide Treated Nets are mosquito nets impregnated with insecticide that repel, disable or kills mosquitoes coming into contact with it.

ጣንጡ ዘዳኽምን ዝቐትልን ኬሚካል ዝተሓከመ ዛንዚራ ወይ ኣጎበር

IUCD or IUD - ኣብ ዉሽጢ ማሀፀን ዝቕመጥ ናይ ወሊድ መከላኸሊ

Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) or an intrauterine device (IUD). It is an effective, safe, long-acting, cost-effective contraceptive method. It consists of a plastic or metal object that a specially trained health worker or midwife places inside the womb.

ብዝሰልጠነ በዓል ሞያ ዝወሃብ ንነዊሕ ግዜ ዘገልግል ኣብ ዉሽጢ ማሀፀን ዝቕመጥ ናይ ወሊድ መከላኸሊ