Title: Hygiene and Environmental Health Part 2 - Ethiopia (Full)

HEH HEAT Module Part 2, full content, designed for use in Ethiopia

Section 1
  About/License
  Pre-test
Section 2
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  The public health importance of water
  For drinking
  For food preparation and cooking
  For hygiene
  The hydrological cycle
  Criteria for satisfactory water
  Sufficient quantity
  Safe and acceptable
  Physically accessible
  Affordable
  Vulnerability due to lack of satisfactory water provision
  Population dynamics
  Poverty
  Climate change
  Globalisation
  Major barriers to the provision of safe water
  Lack of community capacity and engagement
  Lack of technological capacity
  Lack of institutional capacity
  Insufficient financing
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 3
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Waterborne diseases
  Causes of waterborne disease outbreaks
  Water treatment
  Small-scale water treatment systems
  Household sand filter
  Cloth filtration
  Other filtration methods
  Solar disinfection
  Chemical disinfection methods
  Boiling
  Safe storage
  Large-scale water treatment
  Chlorination
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 4
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Sources of drinking water
  Rainwater
  Surface water
  Groundwater
  Planning the development and protection of sources of water
  Assessing needs
  Water source identification
  Water quantity
  Sanitary surveys
  Health and hygiene education
  Water quality
  Types of well
  Protection of well water from pollution and contamination
  Contamination of well water
  Spring source protection
  Rainwater source protection
  Surface water sources
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 5
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Rationale for a sanitary survey
  Elements of a sanitary survey
  Water source (components, protection and condition)
  The use of water at home
  Vulnerability assessment at a water source
  Source water quantity
  Sanitary survey of wells
  Sanitary survey of springs
  Sanitary survey of rainwater collection and storage
  Water quality assessment
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 6
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Sources of water pollution
  Sediments and suspended solids
  Nutrients
  Biological pollutants
  Chemical pollutants
  Types of pollutant defined by their source
  Public health impacts of water pollution
  Indicators of water pollution
  Streams and rivers
  Lakes
  Groundwater
  Problems of using polluted water
  Control of water pollution
  Sampling methods for bacteriological testing
  Sampling procedure from a tap or pump outlet
  Sampling procedure from a watercourse or reservoir
  Sampling procedure from dug wells and similar sources
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 7
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Basic principles and concepts of waste management
  Liquid waste
  Solid waste
  Public health importance of waste management
  Main components of waste management
  Liquid waste management
  Solid waste management
  Compare the different waste management methods
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 8
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Types and sources of liquid waste
  Management of liquid waste
  Human waste management
  Sullage management
  Industrial wastewater management
  Runoff management
  Collection, storage and treatment of liquid waste
  Septic tanks
  Anaerobic biogas reactor
  Centralised wastewater treatment systems
  Choosing appropriate sanitation technologies
  General principles
  Questions to consider
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 9
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Types of latrine
  Pit latrine with slab
  Advantages and disadvantages of pit latrines
  Siting, designing and constructing a pit latrine
  Maintenance of pit latrines
  Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine
  Constructing a VIP latrine
  Maintenance of VIP latrines
  Ecological sanitation
  Arborloo – a single pit method
  Fossa Alterna – a double pit method
  Cistern flush toilet
  Pour-flush toilets
  Aqua privy
  Urinals
  Handwashing facilities
  Your role in latrine construction
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 10
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Benefits of hygiene and sanitation behaviour change
  Latrines
  Handwashing facilities
  Motivating people to change their behaviour
  Using model households
  Community motivation
  Two approaches to communal behaviour change
  Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST)
  Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)
  Latrine utilisation monitoring and evaluation
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 11
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Sources and classification of solid waste
  Hazardous waste
  Functional elements of solid waste management
  Onsite handling, storage and processing
  Collection, transfer and transport of solid waste
  Resource recovery and processing
  Disposal of solid waste
  Integrated solid waste management
  Reduction strategies
  Reuse strategies
  Recovery strategies: recycling, composting and energy
  Final disposal: landfill, controlled tipping and burning
  Surveying solid waste management
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 12
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Sources and classification of healthcare waste
  Public health importance of healthcare waste
  Hazards from infectious waste
  Management of hazardous healthcare waste
  Waste handling
  Waste minimisation
  Segregation of healthcare waste
  Recycling and reuse of healthcare waste
  Use of safety boxes
  Packing healthcare wastes before disposal
  Waste storage
  Steam sterilisation (autoclaving)
  Incineration
  Chemical or high-level disinfection (HLD)
  Final disposal: burial pits
  Anatomical waste and placentas
  Prevention and control of risks to healthcare workers
  Planning and monitoring healthcare waste management
  Summary
  Quiz