Title: Default for HEH2
Course: Hygiene and Environmental Health Part 2 - Ethiopia (Full)

Q: Water-washed diseases are caused by drinking water that has been contaminated with pathogens.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Water-washed diseases are caused by poor hygiene when there is insufficient water for thorough washing, and not by drinking contaminated water.)
A: False

Q: Diarrhoea and typhoid fever are diseases that occur when water is scarce.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Diarrhoea and typhoid fever are examples of waterborne disease and are caused by consumption of water or food contaminated with pathogens.)
A: False

Q: Children may become infected with bilharzia if they swim and play in lakes where there are many snails.
- True (Correct! It is true. Bilharzia is transmitted via water snails.)
- False
A: True

Q: Malaria is an example of a waterborne disease.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Malaria is an example of a water-related disease.)
A: False

Q: Community empowerment has no input in provision of safe water.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Local communities’ empowerment will increase the provision of safe water.)
A: False

Q: New technologies can help to overcome the barriers to the provision of safe water.
- True (Correct! It is true. New technologies can help with the provision of safe water.)
- False
A: True

Q: Local government should not be involved in finding sustainable solutions for provision of safe water.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Local government involvement is important for the success of safe water provision projects.)
A: False

Q: Provision of safe water improves the lives of infants and children.
- True (Correct! It is true. Safe water improves the lives of infants and children.)
- False
A: True

Q: Match the phrases with the corresponding words.
- Process of treating with chlorine | Chlorination
- Time required to wait to drink after chlorination | Chlorine contact time
- Water not yet treated | Raw water
- Free residual available chlorine in treated water | Chlorine residual

Q: Match the following phrases with the corresponding words below.
- Rivers and lakes | Surface water
- Freshwater supply beneath the Earth’s surface | Groundwater
- Underground water-bearing rock layer | Aquifer
- Water trickling down through soil | Percolation

Q: E.coli is a type of virus found in faeces.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. E.coli is a type of bacteria, not a type of virus.)
A: False

Q: Faecal coliforms are typically found in human and animal faeces.
- True (Correct! It is true. Faecal coliforms are found in faeces.)
- False
A: True

Q: The presence of E.coli in a water sample means the water is safe to drink.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. If a water sample is positive for E.coli this indicates faecal contamination, which means it is likely that pathogens are present in the water.)
A: False

Q: The absence of E.coli in a water sample means the water is safe to drink.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. The absence of E.coli indicates the water is not contaminated with bacteria of faecal origin but it does not mean it is safe to drink because the water may contain other pathogens.)
A: False

Q: Match the definitions with the corresponding words below.
- A foreign component in a substance | Contaminant
- High levels of plant nutrients in water | Eutrophication
- The source of pollutants is visible at time of discharge | Point source pollution
- Diffuse source of pollution | Non-point source pollution

Q: Match the type of waste to its category
- vegetable peelings and waste from food preparation | solid non-hazardous waste
- water that has been used to wash clothes | liquid non-hazardous waste
- used dressings and bandages from the Health Post | solid hazardous waste
- diesel fuel leaking from a damaged can | liquid hazardous waste

Q: Match the sources of waste with the types of solid waste below.
- Manures | Agricultural
- Packaging materials, plastics | Commercial
- Needles and other sharps | Healthcare
- Coffee bean shells | Coffee processing

Q: The decomposition of human waste in a septic tank is an aerobic process.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Decomposition in a septic tank is an anaerobic, not aerobic, process.)
A: False

Q: A seepage pit is a watertight underground pit for containing liquid waste.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. A seepage pit must not be watertight. Liquid must be able to seep slowly out of the pit into the surrounding ground.)
A: False

Q: Anaerobic digestion is a method of waste treatment that converts waste into useful products.
- True (Correct! It is true. Anaerobic digestion of waste produces biogas and digested sludge that can be used as a fertiliser.)
- False
A: True

Q: Runoff does not cause environmental problems because it is only rainwater that runs off the land surface.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Runoff is rainwater running off the land but it may contain human and other types of waste that have been washed off the land surface. It can also cause flooding problems.)
A: False

Q: Protection of groundwater from contamination is an essential requirement of human waste management.
- True (Correct! It is true. Human waste management must ensure the protection of groundwater from contamination.)
- False
A: True

Q: Recycling is the best approach to solid waste management.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Recycling is a good method of waste management but reducing the amount of waste produced in the first place or reusing the waste without reprocessing is preferred.)
A: False

Q: Composting is an aerobic decomposition process for converting organic solid waste into useful compost.
- True (Correct! It is true. Composting of solid waste is an aerobic decomposition process that produces compost.)
- False
A: True

Q: Reusing plastic water bottles is an example of waste recovery.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Waste recovery means that something useful is recovered from the waste; reuse of waste simply means using the item again in the same way it was used in the first place.)
A: False

Q: Controlled tipping is so called because only a limited quantity of waste can be tipped at any one time.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Controlled tipping is called ‘controlled’ because the waste is regularly covered with soil rather than just left in the open.)
A: False

Q: Healthcare waste contains hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
- True (Correct! It is true. Healthcare waste does contain both hazardous and non-hazardous waste.)
- False
A: True

Q: Infectious healthcare waste is kept in red containers.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Infectious waste should be stored in a yellow container.)
A: False

Q: Chemical disinfection involves treating waste with 0.5% chlorine solution for 10 minutes by immersing in an autoclave.
- True
- False (Correct! it is false. Chemical disinfection does involve treatment with chlorine solution of 0.5% concentration for 10 minutes but an autoclave is a steam sterilising device that relies on temperature to disinfect.)
A: False