Title: Default for HEH1
Course: Hygiene and Environmental Health Part 1 - Ethiopia (Full)

Q: For each disease category, match the specific disease that can be related to poor housing,
- faeco-orally transmitted diseases | typhoid fever
- droplet infections | TB
- skin (contact) infections | scabies
- vector-borne diseases | relapsing fever

Q: All arthropods have six legs and a body divided into three parts, namely the head, thorax and abdomen.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Insects have six legs and a body divided into head, thorax and abdomen. Arthropods are a larger grouping that includes insects but also includes many others such as arachnids and crustaceans.)
A: False

Q: Diarrhoeal diseases can be transmitted to humans by houseflies.
- True (Correct! It is true although diarrhoeal diseases can also be transmitted to humans by direct consumption of infected food or contaminated water.)
- False
A: True

Q: Transmission of a disease to a human by a biting insect is called mechanical transmission.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Transmission by a biting insect is an example of biological transmission.)
A: False

Q: Rats can transmit bubonic plague to humans by eating and contaminating stored food, especially grains.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Fleas are the vectors of bubonic plague and their natural host is the rat. A person must be bitten by an infected flea to get the disease. Rats will eat stored food but that is not the mechanisms for transmitting bubonic plague.)
A: False

Q: Match each of the following to a category of unsafe food
- Pineapple juice that has been diluted with water from an unprotected source. | contaminated
- A packet of tea that contains grains of sand as well as tea leaves. | adulterated or contaminated
- A packet of tea labelled 100g but actually only contains 70g of tea. | misbranded
- Tilapia that were caught the day before yesterday and not kept cool or covered. | potentially hazardous
- Cooking oil that is sold in a plastic bottle that previously contained engine oil. | contaminated

Q: Salting and sugaring are chemical methods of food preservation that rely on soaking food in a weak solution of salt or sugar.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. For salting and sugaring to be effective food preservation techniques, a concentrated solution must be used and maintained.)
A: False

Q: Pasteurisation of milk kills all microorganisms by rapidly heating the milk until it boils and then allowing it to cool slowly.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Pasteurisation is a controlled process in which milk is heated to a specific temperature, not to boiling, for a specific time and then cooled quickly. It will kill most microorganisms but cannot be guaranteed to kill all.)
A: False

Q: Canned foods should not be eaten if the can is swollen and bulging.
- True (Correct! It is true. Bulging or swollen cans indicate that gas is being produced inside by microbial activity.)
- False
A: True

Q: Fermentation is a method of food preservation that relies on keeping food in an alkaline environment.
- True
- False (Correct! It is false. Preservation by fermentation relies on the presence of acid or alcohol.)
A: False

Q: Match the following food and drink establishments with the services provided.
- Butcher | Raw meat
- Tea house | Plain bread or chornake
- Restaurant | Tibs for lunch
- Hotel | Bedrooms