Title: Health Management, Ethics and Research - Ethiopia (Full)

HMER HEAT Module, full content, designed for use in Ethiopia

Section 1
  About/License
  Pre-test
Section 2
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Historical development of Ethiopian Health Services
  Organisation of health service delivery
  Concepts of Primary Health Care
  Principles of Primary Health Care
  Elements of Primary Health Care
  Primary Health Care in Ethiopia
  Health Service Extension Programme
  Components of Health Service Extension Programmes
  Millennium Development Goals
  Achievements of the Ethiopian Health Service Extension Programme
  Implementing the model family package
  Implementing the community package
  Implementing interventions at Health Post level
  Development of the Health Service Extension Programme
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 3
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  What is management?
  Concepts of management
  Effectiveness
  Efficiency
  Equity
  Principles of management
  Team spirit
  Division of labour
  Focus on results not activities
  Management functions
  Planning
  Organising
  Leading
  Coordination
  Monitoring and control
  Management roles and levels
  Management levels
  What do managers do?
  What is leadership?
  Leadership functions
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 4
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Planning processes
  Types of planning
  Strategic planning
  Operational planning
  Stages of operational planning
  Situational analysis
  Problem identification
  Prioritisation
  Setting objectives
  Reviewing your objectives
  Identify and sequence activities
  Identify the resources
  Prepare action plans and schedules
  Monitoring
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 5
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Getting organised
  Building a team
  Types of health team
  Stages of team building
  Leading a team
  Different styles of leading a team
  Motivating a team
  Training your team
  Conducting meetings
  Purpose
  Have an agenda
  Start on time and end on time
  Maintain focus
  Capture action points
  Get feedback
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 6
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Monitoring in healthcare management
  The purpose of monitoring
  Methods of gathering information for monitoring
  Using a checklist
  Supervision
  Steps of managerial control
  Establishing standards of performance
  Measuring performance
  Comparing performance with standards
  Taking corrective action
  Constructive and effective feedback
  Giving effective feedback
  Giving constructive criticism
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 7
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  What are the supplies at your Health Post?
  Non-consumables
  Consumables
  Management of equipment
  The importance of good maintenance
  Using an inspection checklist and inspection schedule
  Ordering and controlling supplies
  Ordering, recording and controlling supplies
  Detecting discrepancies and explaining them
  Ordering supplies to avoid wastage
  Management of pharmaceutical supplies in your Health Post store
  Why pharmaceutical supplies must be managed carefully
  Storing pharmaceutical supplies safely
  Monitoring the use of pharmaceutical supplies
  Education for the Health Post team
  Special education for patients and parents
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 8
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Ethical issues in healthcare work
  Two important ethical theories
  Ethics in practice
  Truthfulness and confidentiality
  Autonomy
  Informed consent
  Beneficence and nonmaleficence
  Justice
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 9
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Ethical dilemmas and conflicts
  Practitioner - client relationship
  Privacy and confidentiality
  Shared decision making
  Allocation of scarce resources
  Stigma and illness
  Reproductive healthcare
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 10
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Rights and obligations
  Duties and obligations of Health Extension Practitioners
  Providing a safe, competent and ethical service
  Health and wellbeing
  Choice
  Confidentiality
  Justice
  Accountability
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 11
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  What is health research?
  Guidelines for health research
  Stakeholder participation in health research
  Types of health research
  Basic and applied research
  Quantitative and qualitative research
  An introduction to surveys
  Censuses, large-scale surveys and community surveys
  Cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys
  Questionnaires, interviews and focus groups
  Basic questions to ask in a community survey
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 12
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  What is a community profile?
  What is the purpose of the community profile?
  What types of data will you collect for a new community profile?
  Demographic data
  Epidemiological data
  Health service data
  Data on knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP)
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 13
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Collecting data
  Observation
  Interviewing
  Written questionnaires
  Focus group discussions
  Ideal characteristics of a focus group discussion
  The value of focus groups
  Bias in data collection
  Data processing and checking for errors
  Data analysis
  Summarising quantitative data
  Frequencies
  Mean, median and mode
  Proportion and percentage
  Cumulative percentage
  Ethical considerations
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 14
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Writing a report on your community survey
  Components of a community profile report
  Identifying problems for further investigation
  Clarifying the problem of malaria infection in your community
  Criteria for choosing health problems to research
  Poor sanitary conditions: creating a research question
  Community participation in prioritising health issues
  Choosing which topic to research
  Clarifying your research question
  What other sources should you consult?
  Research objectives
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 15
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  What is the study population?
  Variables in health research
  Types of study design
  Observational and experimental studies
  Types of observational studies
  Cross-sectional studies
  Case-control studies
  Cohort studies
  Selecting the appropriate study type to investigate a particular problem
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 16
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  What is meant by sampling?
  Why do you need a representative sample?
  Probability sampling methods
  Simple random sampling
  Systematic sampling
  Stratified random sampling
  Non-probability sampling methods
  Purposeful sampling
  Quota sampling
  Snowball sampling
  Census sampling
  Sample size
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 17
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Setting the scene for Alemitu's case study
  Collecting data for the community profile
  Collecting epidemiological data and taking appropriate actions
  Using community survey data to improve immunization coverage
  Dealing with a measles outbreak
  Summary
  Quiz