Title: Communicable Diseases Part 1 - Ethiopia (Full)

CD HEAT Module Part 1, full content, designed for use in Ethiopia

Section 1
  About/License
  Pre-test
Section 2
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  What are communicable diseases?
  The burden of communicable diseases in Ethiopia
  Endemic and epidemic diseases
  Prevention and control measures
  Factors involved in the transmission of communicable diseases
  Infectious agents
  Reservoirs of infectious agents
  Route of exit
  Modes of transmission
  Route of entry
  Susceptible hosts and risk factors
  Natural history of a communicable disease
  Stage of exposure
  Stage of infection
  Stage of infectious disease
  Stage of outcome
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 3
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Classification of communicable diseases
  Clinical classification of communicable diseases
  Epidemiologic classification
  General approaches in the prevention and control of communicable diseases
  Measures targeting the reservoir of infection
  Measures targeting the mode of transmission
  Measures targeting the susceptible host
  Community diagnosis
  Data collection
  Data analysis
  Prioritising health problems
  Action plan
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 4
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Vaccines, immunity and vaccination
  Overview of bacterial vaccine-preventable diseases
  Tetanus
  Definition, cause and occurrence of tetanus
  Mode of transmission of tetanus
  Clinical manifestations of tetanus
  Treatment, prevention and control of tetanus
  Meningococcal meningitis
  Definition and cause of meningococcal meningitis
  Mode of transmission and clinical symptoms
  Diagnosis and treatment of meningitis
  Prevention and control of meningococcal meningitis
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 5
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Overview of viral vaccine-preventable diseases
  Measles
  Definition, cause and occurrence of measles
  Mode of transmission of measles
  Clinical manifestations of measles
  Treatment, prevention and control of measles
  Poliomyelitis (polio)
  Definition, cause and occurrence of polio
  Mode of transmission and clinical manifestation of polio
  Treatment and prevention of polio
  Hepatitis B
  Definition, cause and occurrence of hepatitis B
  Mode of transmission and clinical manifestation of HBV
  Treatment, prevention and control of hepatitis B
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 6
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  The burden of malaria
  Epidemiology and distribution of malaria in Ethiopia
  Malaria parasites
  Life cycle of the malaria parasite
  Incubation period of malaria
  Partial immunity to malaria
  Life cycle of the mosquito vector
  Eggs
  Larvae
  Pupae
  Adult mosquitoes
  Malaria transmitting vectors in Ethiopia
  Distinguishing Anopheles mosquitoes from other types
  Eggs
  Larvae
  Pupae
  Adults
  Behaviour of mosquitoes that transmit malaria
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 7
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Climatic factors
  Temperature
  Rainfall
  Relative humidity
  Combining the effects of climatic factors
  Non-climatic factors
  Malaria vectors
  Malaria parasites
  Water development projects
  Urbanisation
  Population movement and migration
  Human host factors
  Insecticide resistance in vectors
  Drug resistance in malaria parasites
  Interruption of control and prevention measures
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 8
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Clinical diagnosis
  The symptoms and signs of malaria
  Course of malarial disease
  How you can identify cases of malaria
  Danger signs of severe malaria
  Parasitological diagnosis of malaria
  Introduction to rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria
  How to use an RDT to get a malaria test result
  How to read and interpret an RDT test result
  Microscopic test for malaria
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 9
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Treatment of uncomplicated malaria
  Treatment of uncomplicated malaria based on RDT confirmation
  Treatment of uncomplicated malaria based on clinical diagnosis
  Supportive treatment of uncomplicated malaria cases
  Pre-referral treatment of severe malaria at the Health Post level
  Management of malaria in special groups
  Adherence to malaria treatment
  The role of the Health Extension Practitioner in malaria treatment
  Key messages and instructions
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 10
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Why are mosquito larval control strategies so important?
  Larval control for malaria prevention
  Environmental management for vector control
  Environmental modification
  Environmental manipulation
  Common vector breeding grounds in Ethiopia
  Larviciding
  Community participation and organisation of larval control measures
  Other malaria prevention options
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 11
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  Introduction to indoor residual spraying (IRS)
  How does IRS reduce the mosquito population?
  The IRS programme in Ethiopia
  Spraying requirements
  Choice of insecticides
  Commonly used insecticides
  Determining insecticide requirements
  Housing units and structures to be sprayed with insecticide
  Training of spray operators
  Timing of spray operation
  Preparation of houses before spraying
  Undertaking IRS operations
  Correct IRS procedures
  What you need to do to support IRS
  The role of the health post, health centre and District Health Office in IRS operations
  Safe handling of insecticides
  Some problems related to house-spraying
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 12
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  ITNs as a malaria prevention tool
  How ITNs work
  Types of ITNs
  Mosquito net models
  Rectangular nets
  Circular nets
  Deciding the number of ITNs per household
  Methods of ITN distribution
  Mass distribution (catch-up) of nets
  Replacement or 'keep-up' distribution
  Proper and sustained use of ITNs
  The role of the health worker in education about ITNs
  Monitoring ITN utilisation
  Summary
  Quiz
Section 13
  Introduction
  Learning Outcomes
  What is a malaria epidemic?
  Factors that trigger epidemics
  Environmental factors
  Human factors
  Parasite factors
  Preparedness for malaria epidemics
  Prevention of epidemics
  Detection of malaria epidemics
  Epidemic monitoring charts using 'second largest number' method
  Doubling of cases in a week method
  Epidemic control
  Epidemic control measures
  Active surveillance
  Post-epidemic assessment
  Assess adequacy of epidemic detection and response
  Summary
  Quiz