Title: Spermicides
Course: Level 3 - Family Planning > Section: Barrier methods of family planning

Mechanism of use:

Spermicides are sperm-killing chemicals inserted deep into the vagina, near the cervix, before sex. They are available in foaming tablets, melting or foaming suppositories, melting film, jelly and cream. Jellies, creams and foam from cans can be used on their own, with a diaphragm, or with condoms. Films, suppositories, foaming tablets or foaming suppositories can be utilised on their own or with condoms.

Effectiveness of spermicides:

Spermicides work by causing the membrane of the sperm cells to break, killing them or slowing their movement. This keeps the sperm from meeting the egg. Spermicides are one of the least effective family planning methods, with a 29% chance of pregnancy, and as with other methods, effectiveness depends on the user. The risk of pregnancy is greatest when spermicides are not used with every act of sex. In general, spermicides may be an appropriate choice for women who need backup protection against pregnancy (for instance, if they forget to take their birth control pills). Spermicides should not be used alone as the primary method of birth control.

Advantages and disadvantages of spermicides:

Spermicides are safe to use. They are a female-controlled method that almost every woman can use without the need to consult a healthcare provider first. They can increase vaginal lubrication so that vaginal dryness and friction will be minimised. They are much easier to use with a little practice and can be stopped at any time. They have no hormonal side effects. Unfortunately, they are one of the least effective methods on their own.