Title: S
Course: Level 3 - Glossary > Section: Glossary Q-T

Sacrum - ሳክረም

The triangular bone that forms the back of the pelvis.

ኣብ ድሕሪት መቀመጫና ዘላ ስለስ ኵርናዕ ዓፅሚ መቀመጫ

Safe - ድሕንነቱ ዝተሓለወ ወይ ድማ ዘየስግእ

Free from risk or danger, providing security or protection.

ምንም ዓይነት ሓደጋ ዘይብሉ/ዘየምፅእ

Saliva - ትፈታፍ (ምራቕ)

Watery fluid, secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands, that functions in the tasting, chewing, and swallowing of food, moistens the mouth, and starts the digestion of starches.

ትፈታፍ (ምራቕ)

Salt - ጨው

Sodium chloride, obtained from mines or by evaporation of seawater, used to flavour and preserve food.

ምግቢ ንምጥዓምን ከይተበላሸወ ንምፅናሕን ንጥቀመሉ

Salting - ጨው ምእታይ ወይ ምወሳኽ

The addition of salt (sodium chloride or NaCl) to food for the purpose of preservation.

ምግቢ ንምጥዓምን ከይተበላሸወ ንኽፀፅናሕን ጨው ምእታይ ወይ ምውሳኽ

Sample - ናሙና ወይ ድማ መርኣያ

A small part of anything intended to show the quality, style, or nature of the whole specimen. E.g. To study a sample of a population.

ብቑፅሪ ዉሕድ ዝኾነ ንብዙሕ ክውክል ዝኽእል መርኣይ

Sampling - ናሙና ወይ መረኣይ ምፍላይ

The process of selecting a number of study subjects from a defined study population (i.e. the population being investigated).

ብቑፅሪ ዉሕድ ዝኾነ ንብዙሕ ክውክል ዝኽእል መርኣያ ምፍላይ

Sanitation - ፅሬት

Public cleanliness involving community efforts in disease prevention, promoting hygiene, and keeping public places free of waste.

ኩነታት ጥዕና ማሕበረ ሰብ ንምምህያሽን ሕማም ንምክልኻልን ዝግበር ከባብዊ ፅሬት

Scabies - ሓፈው ወይ ዓበቅ ወይ ሕኸኽ

A parasite infestation of the skin caused by microscopic mites, Sarcoptes scabiei. These tiny animals are spread principally by direct skin-to-skin contact (e.g. during close physical contact between children and parents, or during sexual intercource), and to a lesser extent through contact with infested clothes and bedding.

ብዓይኒ ዘይረኣይ ቁማል ብዝመስል ተህዋስ ዝመፅእ ሕማም ቆርበት

Scar - በሰላ ወይ ጠባሳ

A mark left by a healed wound, sore, or burn.

ድሕሪ ዝሓወየ ቁስሊ ዝቐሪ ምልክት

Schizophrenia - ዕብዳን

A severe, chronic mental illness, characterized by some, but not necessarily all, of the following features: emotional blunting, intellectual deterioration, social isolation, disorganized speech and behavior, delusions, and hallucinations.

ንቡር ዘይኮነ ኩነታት ወይ ድማ ሕማም ኣእምሮ

Sclera - ናይ ዓይንና ፃዕደዋይ ክፍሊ

A tough, leather-like, white tissue that extends all around the eye. Similar to an eggshell surrounding an egg and giving its shape, the sclera surrounds the eye and gives the eye its shape.

ናይ ዓይንና ፃዕደዋይ ክፍሊ

Screening - መርሚርካ ምፍላይ

The detection of an infection in an individual who does not show any signs or symptoms of the disease.

ምልክት ሕማም ዘይብሎም ወይ ዘይተርኣዮም ሰባት መርሚርካ ሕማሞም ምፍላይ ወይ ምንፃር

Scurvy - ብሕፅረት ቫይታሚን ሲ ዝመፅእ ሕማም ኮይኑ ምልክቱ ሓርፋፍ ቆርበት፣ ምድምይ ግርፃንን ውሽጣዊ ኣካላትን ዝኾነ ሕማም

A disease caused by vitamin C deficiency which leads to sore skin, bleeding gums and internal bleeding.

ብሕፅረት ቫይታሚን ሲ ዝመፅእ ሕማም ኮይኑ ምልክቱ ድማ ሓርፋፍ ቆርበት፣ ምድምይ ግርፃንን ውሽጣዊ ኣካላትን ዝኾነ ሕማም እዩ

Sedimentation - ምርጋእ/ምዝቃጥ

The settling out of comparatively heavy suspended material (suspended solids) in water because of gravity.

ክብድ ዝበሉ ነገራት ናብ ታሕቲ ክዘቅጡ ከለዉ

Sediments - ዝዘቐጡ ነገራት

Consist of fine particles of mostly inorganic material such as mud and salt washed into a stream as a result of land cultivation and construction. They may also arise from demolition and mining operations where these activities take place.

ዝዘቐጡ ነገራት

Segmentation - ምክፍፋል

Division into segments.

ምክፍፋል

Seizures - ምንቅጥቃጥ ሰውነት ወይ ድማ ዘውድቅ ሕማም

A seizure or fit is caused by a sudden burst of excess electrical activity in the brain, causing a temporary disruption in the normal messages passing between brain cells.

ምንቅጥቃጥ ሰውነት ወይ ድማ ዘውድቅ ሕማም

Self-awareness - ዓርሰ ፍልጠት

The part of intrapersonal communication that determines how a person sees him or herself and how they are oriented toward others.

ናይ ባዕልኻ ኩነታት ምፍላጥ

Self-efficacy - ዓርሰ ውፅኢታውነት

The most important predisposing factor for self-regulating one's behaviour is seen to be self-efficacy, that is the person's perception of how successful he or she can be in performing a particular behaviour.

ሓደ ሰብ ሓደ ነገር ውፅኢታዊ ንክኸውን ብዓርሰ እምነት እንትሰርሕ፡፡

Self-limiting - ምውሳን

Limiting oneself or itself.

ባዕልኻ ምውሳን ወይ ድማ ኣትሒትካ ምርኣይ

Self-regulatory - ንባዕልኻ ምቁፅፃር

Used for or capable of controlling or adjusting itself or oneself.

ሓደ ሰብ ባዕሉ ንባዕሉ ክቆፃፀር ከሎ

Self-treatment - በዕልኻ ንባዕልኻ ምሕካም

Self-treatment describes how the person with an illness does things (or takes medication) to try to help themselves.

ሓደ ሰብ ባዕሉ ሕማሙ ነፂሩ ብባዕሉ መድሓኒት ክውሳድ ከሎ

Septicaemia - ረኽሲ ደም/ እንትብከል/

An infection of the blood-sometimes called 'blood poisoning'.

ደም ብታህዋስያን ምብካል

Serological - ሰሮሎጂካል

The science dealing with the immunological properties and actions of serum.

ኣብ ውሽጢ ሰብነት ዝርከቡ ፈሰስትን መከላኸሊ ሓይሊ ዘፅንዕ ሳይነስ ኢዩ፡፡ ሰሮሎጂካል

Sewage - ቀልቀል ወዲ ሰብ ምሰ ረሳሕ ማይ እንትሕወስ

The mixture of human waste with wastewater.

ቀልቀል ወዲ ሰብ ምሰ ረሳሕ ማይእንትሕወስ

Sex - ፆታ

The biological characteristic that defines humans as female or male.

መፍለዪ ተፎጥራዊ ባህርይ ወዲ ሰብ (ተባዕታይ ወይ ኣነሰታይ)

Shigellosis - ሺገሎሲስ

An acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Shigella, common among children and characterized by fever, abdominal pain and diarrhoea.

ሺገላ ብዘተብሃለ ባከተረያ ዘመፅእ ህፁፅ ረኽሲ ሕማም ከብዲ ኮይኑ ምልክታቱውን ከም ረስኒ ቁርፀትን ውፅኣትን እንትኾኑ ኣባዝሓ ግዘ ኣብ ህፃውንቲ ዝርአ ኢዩ፡፡

Shock - ውነ ምስሓት/ሰብነት ምዝሓል/

A dangerous condition with severe weakness or unconsciousness, cold sweat, and fast, weak pulse. It is caused by dehydration, hemorrhage, injury, burns, or severe illness.

ውነ ምስሓት ማለት ብምኽነያት ደም ምፍሳስ ሓደጋ ቃፀሎ ወይ ብርቱዕ ሕማም ዝመፅእ ሓደገኛ ኩነታት ኮይኑ ምልክታቱውን ድኻም ፣ ውነ ምሰሓት፣ ድኹም ትርግታን ስውንት ምዝሓልን ኢዮም

Show - ኣብ ናይ መጨረሻ ወርሒ ጥንሲ ዝርአ ንእሽቶን ደም ዝተሓወሶ ፈሳሲ

In the last few days of pregnancy, the cervix may begin to open. Sometimes the mucus and a little bit of blood called 'show' drip out of the vagina. It may come out all at once, like a plug, or it may leak slowly for several days. When you see the show, you know that the cervix is softening.

ኣብ ናይ መጨረሻ ወርሒ ጥንሲ ዝርአ ንእሽቶን ደም ዝተሓወሶ ፈሳሲ

Side-effects - ጎናዊ ሳዕቤን

Problems caused by using a medicine.

ብምኽንያት መድሓኒት ዝመፅእ ጎናዊ ሳዕብየን

Signs - ምልክት

Signs of a disease are the features that would only be detected by a trained health worker (e.g. high temperature, fast pulse rate, enlargement of organs in the abdomen,etc.) to see what sickness the patient has.

እዙይ ምልክት ሕማም ብብዓል ሞያ ኣብ እዋን ምርመራ ዝፍለጥ ኢዩ፡፡ ንኣብነት ትርግታ፡ልዕል ዓቐን ሙቐት

Sino-implant - ኣብ ቅልፅም ኢድ ዝቅበር ሜላ መከላኸሊ ጥንሲ

Sino-implant is a contraceptive implant of two rods prepared from progestin, and is similar to Jadelle. It is effective for five years.

ካብ ፕሮጀስቲን ዝተዳለወ ን 5 ዓመት ዝከላኸል ኣብ ቅልፅም ኢድ ዝቅበር ሜላ መከላኸሊ ጥንሲ ኢዩ

Sinus trouble (Sinusitis) - ሳኑሳይትስ

Sinuses are hollows in the bone that open into the nose. Sinusitis is inflammation causing pain above and below the eyes.

ሳይነስ ኣብ ልዕሊ ዓይንን ትሕቲ ዓይንን ዘርከቡ ዓፅሚ ዘሎ ቀዳድ/ነኻል/፡፡ ሳኑሳይትስ ማለት ድማ ኽሲ ኣብ ልዕሊ ዓይንን ትሕቲ ዓይንን ኣብ ዘርከቡ ዓፅሚቲ እንተጋጥም መግለፂኡ ድማ ቃንዛ እዩ፡፡

Smear - ሲምር

A small quantity of something spread thinly on a slide for microscopic examination.

ዝኾነ ንኡሽተይ ነገር ኣብ ስላይድ ብቐጢኑ ተዘርጊሑ/ተለምጢጡ/ ብመይክሮስኮፕ ዝምርመር

Smear-negative - ሲሚር ነጋቲቭ

"Smear-negative test" means a test that produced negative results and the test itself was based on a smear.

ዝኾነ ንኡሽተይ ነገር ኣብ ስላይድ ብቐጢኑ ተዘርጊሑ/ተለምጢጡ/ ብመይክሮስኮፕ ምስተመርመረ ውፅኢቱ ነጋቲቭ እንትኾን

Smear-positive - ሲሚር ፖሲቲቭ

"Smear-positive test" means a test that produced positive results and the test itself was based on a smear.

ዝኾነ ንኡሽተይ ነገር ኣብ ስላይድ ብቐጢኑ ተዘርጊሑ ብመይክሮስኮፕ ምስተመርመረ ውፅኢቱ ፖስቲቭ እንትኾን

SMI - ብርቱዕ ሕማማ ኣእምሮ

Severe mental illness (SMI) are the more extreme and distressing disorders . Individuals with SMI are those with an illness that severely restricts their day-to-day activities.

ዘይንቡር ብጣዕሚ ዘጨንቕ ሕማም ኣእምሮ

Smoking (food) - ምዕጣን ምግቢ

Smoking is one of the oldest methods used to improve the quality of food and is commonly used to preserve meat and fish.

ምግቢ ከይተበላሸወ ንነዊሕ ግዘ ንኽፀንሕ እንጥቀመሉ ዝፀንሐ ሜላ ኢዩ

Somatisation - ሶማታይዘሽን

This is when mental or social distress (e.g. chronic poverty, marital problems) comes out as a physical symptom.

ብስንኪ ድክነትን ናይ ሓዳር ጎንፂ ዝፍጠር ናይ ስነ ኣእምሮ ወይ ማሕበራዊ ፅገም ኢዩ ፡፡

Spasm - ምጭባጥ ጭዋዳ

A sudden muscle contraction that a person cannot control.

ወዲ ሰብ ክቆፃፀሮ ዘይኽእል ሃንደበታዊ ምጭባጥ ጭዋዳ

Spermicides - ዘርኢ ወዲ ተባዕታይ ዝቐትል

Chemical barriers, or sperm-killing substances, available as foams, creams, gels, films or suppositories, which are often used in female contraception in conjunction with mechanical barriers and other devices. Spermicides are usually available without a prescription or medical examination.

ዘርኢ ወዲ ተባዕታይ ዝቐትል ወይ ንማህፀን ከይኣትው ዝከላኸል ብዝተፈላለየ ዓይነት ዝዳሎ መድሓኒት

Splint - ስፕሊንት/ መደገፊ;

A thin piece of wood or other rigid material used to immobilize a fractured or dislocated bone, or to maintain any part of the body in a fixed position.

ካብ ዕንፀይቲ ወይ ካብ ጥንክር ዝበለ ዝስራሕ ኮይኑ ስብራት ዓፅሚ ወይ ሙላቕ ንኸይንቀሳቐስ ዝሕግዝ መደገፊ ኢዩ፡፡

Splinting - ስፕሊንቲንግ

To secure, hold in position, or support by means of a splint or splints, as a fractured bone. Splinting prevents further damage, which may result in loss of the limb or disability at a later period.

ኣእጋር ምዝርጋሕ ወይ ድማ ስፕሊንቲንግ

Sputum - ዓኽታ

A jelly-like mucus coughed up from the lungs and bronchi of a sick person.

ወዲ ሰብ እንትስዕል ካብ ሳንባ ዝወፀፅእ ዘለግለግ ዝብል ፈሳሲ

Stakeholders - መዳርግቲ ኣካላት

A person or group that has a shared interest in something.

ናይ ሓባር ድልየት ዘለዎም ሰባት

Sterile - ዝመኸነ

(1) Completely clean and free from living microorganisms. Things are usually sterilized by boiling or heating. (2) Sterile also means permanently unable to have children.

1. ፅሩይን ካብ ታህዋስያን ናፃ ዝኾነ፡፡ንምምካን እንጥቀመሎም ሜላታት ምውዓይ ሙማቕ 2. ንኩሉ ግዘ ቆልዓ ምውላድ ዘይምኽኣል

Sterilization - ምምካን

(1) To sterilize instruments, bottles, and other things by boiling or heating in an oven. (2) Permanent way of making a man or a woman unable to reproduce (have children).

1.ኣቑሑት፤ ጠራሙዝ ከምኡውን ካለኦት ነገራት በምውዓይ ወይ ብሙማቕ ካብ ታህዋስያን ናፃ ምግባር፡ 2. ቆልዓ ምውላድ ዘይምኽኣል

Stigma - ምግላል

Refers to the way in which a characteristic, marks the person out as different and leads to negative attitudes by others. E.g. Stigmatised People Living with HIV often feel isolated, abused and discriminated against by others.

ምግላል ንኣብነት ምስ ኤች ኣይ ቪ ንዝንብሩ ወገናት ዝግበር ምግላል

Stillbirths - ብምውቱ ዝተወልደ ቆልዓ

Babies born dead after the 28th week of gestation.

ድሕሪ 28 ሰሙን ጠንሲ ብምውቱ ዝተወልዱ ቆልዑት

STIs - ብፆታዊ ርክብ ዝመሓላለፉ ሕማማት

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a term used to describe more than 20 different infections that are transmitted mainly through sexual contact via the exchange of semen, vaginal fluid, blood and other fluids; or by direct contact with the affected body areas of people with STIs.

ልዕሊ 20 ዓይነት ዘተፈላለዩ ሕማም ኣብ እዋን ፆታዊ ርክብ ካብ ብሕማም መወስቦ ዝሐመመ ሰብ ናብ ጥዑይ ሰብ ብናይ ወዲ ተባዕታይ ወይ ጓል ተነሰተይቲ ፈሳሲ ወይ ደም ዝመሓላለፉ ሕማማት

Strategy - ኣንፈት

A plan or method for obtaining a specific goal or result.

ውሱን/ንፁር/ ዒላማ ወይ ውፅኢት ዘሓዘ ትልሚ

Stridor - ሰትራይዶር

A harsh noise made during inhalation.

ኣብ እዋን ኣየር ንውሽጢ እንትሰሓብ ዝፈጥር ዘይንቡር ድምፂ

Stroke - ስትሮክ

A sudden loss of consciousness, feeling, or ability to move, caused by bleeding or a clot inside the brain.

ብሰንኪ ኣብ ውሽጢ ሓንጎል ደም ብምፍሳስ ወይ ደም ምርጋእ ዝመፅእ ሃንደበታዊ ውነ ምስሓት ኢዩ፡፡

Stunting - ምድኽዳኽ

Chronic malnutrition in children.Stunting is defined as a low height for age of the child compared to the standard child of the same age. Stunted children have poor physical and intellectual performance and lower work output.

ብሕዱር ሕፅረት ምግቢ ዝተጠቕዐ ህፃን ብዋናነት ቁመቱ ምስ ዕድመ መዘንኡ ህፃን እንትነፃፅር ዝነኣሰ እንትኸውን ብቁመንኡን ኣትሓሳስብኡን ብስራሕ ውፅኢቱን ድኹም ኢዩ፡፡

Subcutaneous (SC) - ትሕቲ ቆርበት ዘሎ ኣካል ሰብነት

The vaccine is injected into the fatty tissue below the skin and above the muscle.

ሓድሓደ ዓይነት ክታበት ትሕቲ ቆርበትን ልዕሊ ጭዋዳን ኣብ ዝርከብ ስብሒ ዘለዎ ኣከል ሰብነት ይወሃብ፡፡

Suctioning - ምምጣጥ / ምስሓብ

Using a device called a bulb syringe to extract mucus and fluid from the baby's nose and mouth.

ፍሳስን ዕንጋር ዝመስልን ለሓግሓግ ዝብል ካብ ኣፍን ኣፍንጫን ስሒቡ ዘውፅእ መሳርሒ ኢዩ፡፡

Suicide - ዓርሰ ቅትለት

A person who intends to purposefully kill themselves.

ሓደ ሰብ ኮነ ኢሉ ባዕሉ ንባዕሉ ህይወቱ እንተሕልፍ፡፡

Sullage - ዝቃጭ

Also known as greywater, is water that has been used for washing in bathrooms and kitchens; it does not include human waste.

ቀልቀል ወዲ ሰብ ዘይተሃወሶ ረሳሕ ማይ፡፡

Superior - ላዕለዋይ

Above.

ላዕለዋይ

Superstructure - ላዕለዋይ ክፍሊ

The upper part of a pit latrine, to provide protection from the rain and sun, and privacy and comfort for the user.

ላዕለዋይ ክፍሊ ሽንት ቤት፡፡

Supervision - ዑደት ወይ ደገፍ

Supervision is usually a meeting at which you are able to sit down with a senior colleague and discuss issues that are important in your work.

ላዕለዎት ክኢላታት (ሰብ ሞያ) ንብሕቲኦም ዘለዉ ክኢላታት (ሰብ ሞያ) ስራሕ ማእከል ዝገበረ ዝግበር ክትትልን ድጋፍን፡፡

Suppository - ብመቀመጫ ወይ ብብልዕቲ ጋል ተነስተይቲ ዝኣቱ መድሓኒት

A specially shaped capsule of medicine to put up the anus or vagina.

ብመቀመጫ ወይ ብብልዕቲ ጓል ተነስተይቲ ዝኣቱ መድሓኒት

Sustainable - ቀፃልነት

Able to be supported, maintained.

ቀፃልነት ዘለዎ ደገፍ

Sutures - መራኸቢ ሸኾና ርእሲ፤ ቁስሊ ምስፋይ

Sutures are joints between the bones of the skull. A suture is also a stitch made with needle and thread to sew up an opening or wound.

መራኸቢ ሸኾና ርእሲ፤ ቁስሊ ምስፋይ

Symptoms - ምልክታት

The feelings or conditions a person reports about his sickness.

ሕሙም ዝስምኦ ስምዒት ሕማም ወይ ከኣ ሕሙም ዝነግረካ ምልክታት ሕማም ማለትኢዩ

Syndrome - ስይንድሮም

A group of symptoms that patients describe, combined with classic signs that health workers observe during clinical assessment.

ብሕሙም ዝግለፁን ኣብ እዋን ምርመራ ብሰብ ሞያ ዝርከቡን/ዝንፅሩን/ ብዙሓት ምልክታት ሕማም

Syphilis - ፍንጣጣ

A chronic infectious disease, caused by bacteria called Treponema pallidum.

ብሰንኪ ተረፖነማ ፓሊዱም ዝተብሃለ ባክተሪያ ዝመፅእ ሕዱረ ሓደ ሕማም

Systematic - ብልሓታዊ

When we say that research has to be systematic, this means that a clear 'system' is used for collecting, recording, analysing and interpreting all the data.

ምርምር ብልሓታዊ ክኾን አለዎ ፡፡ እዙይ ማለት ንፁር ዳታ ንምእካብ፣ ንምምዘጋብ፣ ንምትነታንን ንምትርጓምን ይጠቅም፡፡