Title: A
Course: Level 3 - Glossary > Section: Glossary A-D

Abdomen - ከብዲ

The abdomen is the part of the body between the chest and pelvis. The abdomen contains such organs as the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, intestines and other structures.

ከብዲ ማለት ኣብ መንጎ ደረትን ጭርንጭራን ዝርከብ ናይ ሰውብነትና ክፍሊ እዩ

Abortion - ምንፃል ጥንሲ

Abortion is the termination or ending of a pregnancy before fetal viability, which is conventionally taken to be less than 28 weeks from the last normal menstrual period.

ትሕቲ 28 ሰሙን ዕድመ ዘለዎ ጥንሲ ምንፃል

Abscess - ሕብጠት

An abscess is a collection of pus and inflamed tissue at the site of bacterial infection.

ብሰንኪ ረኽሲ ባክተርያ ዝፍጠር ማይን ሙግሊ ዝሓዘ ሕበጥ

ACT - ኮኣርተም

Artemisinin Combination Therapy only given to patients with falciparum malaria.

ብሰንኪ ፕላዝሞደዪም ፋልሲ ፋረም ንዝመፅእ ሕማም ዓሶ ንምሕካም ዝጠቅም መድሓኒት

Acute - ቕፅበታዊ

A condition is described as acute if it begins suddenly and gets worse over a short period of time. An acute emergency is one that rapidly becomes life-threatening and that requires immediate attention after the onset of symptoms.

ብሃንደበት ዝለዓልን ብሓፂር እዋን ዝበኣኣስ ቕፅበታዊ ሕማም

Addiction - ወልፊ

The condition of being abnormally dependent on some habit, especially a compulsive dependency on psychoactive substances.When a person becomes unable to function normally without using these substances, they are described as being addicted or dependent on the substance.

ንዝተፈላለዩ መድሓኒታትን ዕፅዋትን ሱስ ተፀሚዱ ዕለታዊ ስራሕቱ ብኣግባቡ ዘይሰርሕ ውልቀ ሰብ ዉልፍ ይበሃል

ADHD - ኤዲኤችዲ

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Children with ADHD are restless and experience difficulties concentrating on tasks at hand. They often have problems sitting through class. They also tend to do things impulsively, without thinking much about the possible consequences of their actions.

ሕማም ኣእምሮ ኮይኑ ብትኹረት ምስኣንን ዘይምርግጋእን ይግለፅ፡፡

Adherence - ግቡእ ክትትል

Adherence to treatment, that is taking all the doses that are given, is very important for successful treatment outcome.

ብሰብ ሞያ ጥዕና ዝተኣዘዘ መድሓኒት ብግቡእ ተኸታቲልካ ምውሳድ ፅቡቕ ዉፅኢት ይህብ

Adolescence - ኣባፅሕ

A period of rapid physical growth (10-19 years age group). Adolescence increases requirements of energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus and zinc.

ኣባፅሕ ካብ 10 ስጋብ 19 ዓመት ዝዕድመኦም

Adolescent - ኣባፅሕ

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as an individual in the 10-19 years age group and usually uses the term young person to denote those between 10 and 24 years.

ከም ውድብ ጥዕና ዓለም ካብ 10-19 ዓመት ዕድመ ዘለዎም ሰባት ኣባፅሕ እንትብሃሉ ብኣብዝሓ ግዘ ካብ 10-24 ዓመት ዕድመ ዘለዉ ድማ መናእሰይ ይበሃሉ

Adulteration - ምሕዋስ

Adulteration is when the normal content of the food has been intentionally changed by adding something to it that is not essential; for example, diluting milk with water and selling it as whole milk. Adulterated food could be unsafe for a number of reasons. These include poor nutrition; watered-down milk is not as nutritious as whole milk.Unsafe ingredients may have been used, for example unclean water or other harmful ingredients might have been added.

ኣብ ሓደ ንፁህ ዝኾነ ምግቢ ወይ መድሓኒት ኮነ ኢልካ ካሊእ ዓይነት ኣካል ምውሳኽ ወይ ምሕዋስ

Advice - ምኽሪ

Communication that you have with your client or couple in order to help them arrive at voluntary and informed decisions.

ተገልገልቲ ሕክምና ዝኾኑ ውልቀ ሰባትን ተፃመድትን ፈሊጦም ንክውስኑ ዝሕግዝ ሞያዊ ምኽሪ ምሃብ

Advocacy - ምግዋሕ

Advocacy is the act of delivering an argument so that you can gain commitment from your political and community leaders, and help your community organise itself to face a particular health issue.Advocacy is about helping you to speak up for your community; to make sure that the views, needs and opinions of your community are heard and understood.

ኣብ ሓደ ጉዳይ መሰረት ጌርካ ናይ ፖለቲካን ካልኦት መራሕትን ከምኡ ውን መላእ ሕብርተሰብ ደገፍ ንክገብር ምልዕዓል ምግባር

Advocates - መልዓዓልቲ/ኣጋዋሕቲ

Advocates are skilled negotiators and consensus builders who look for opportunities to win modest but strategic policy gains.

መልዕዓልቲ ዝበሃሉ ኪኢላታትን መሃዝትን ኮይኖም እቲ ፖሊሲ ወይ ድማ ኣንፈት ተቀባልነት ንክህልዎ የረድኡን ይእምኑን

AED - መድሓኒት ዘውድቅ ሕማም

Antiepileptic drugs (AED). It can take some time to find the right type of AED, and the correct dose, before the seizures are brought under control.

ንዘውድቕ ሕማም መቆፃፀሪ መድሓኒት

Aeration - ማይ ኣየርን ምሕዋስ

Aeration means to mix air with the water. It is used to remove volatile (easily evaporated) substances from drinking water.

ማይ ኣየርን ብምሕዋስ ብትነት መልክዕ ክተኑ ዝግበኦም ንጥረ ነገራት ካብ ዝስተ ማይ ብቐሊሉ ንኽወፁ ይጠቅም

Aerobic - ኦክስጅን ዘድልዮ

Microorganisms that require oxygen in order to survive. Example:Escherichia coli, a faecal bacterium which grows readily on many foods.

ንክነብሩን ንክራብሑን ኦክስጅን ዘድልዮም ተሃዋስያን አይሮቢክ ይበሃሉ

Affordable - ፍትሓዊ ዋጋ

Affordable: The mother and family, with available community and/or health system support, can pay for the costs of the feeding option, including all ingredients.

ብርትዓዊ ዋጋ ናይ ምግዛእ ዓቕሚ

AFP - ቕፅበታዊ ለምሲ

Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), which is the sudden onset of severe weakening or loss of muscle tone in the legs, arms or hands.

ሃንደበታዊ ዝኾነ ናይ ጅማትን ምልማስን ጥንካረ ጭዋዳ ምድኻምን

AIDS - ኤድስ

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the collection of diseases that results from HIV infection.

ብቫይረስ ዝመፅእ ናይ ሰብነት ናይ ምክልኻል ዓቕሚ ዘዳኽም ሕማም

Algorithm - መላ/መምርሒ

An algorithm is a set of guidelines that enables you to follow the steps in a prescribed course of action, with pathways at each step depending on the results.

ሓደ ተግባር ንምፍፃም ወይ ንምስራሕ ዘኽእለካ ናይ አሰራረሓ ቅደም ስዓብ ዝሓዘ መምርሒ

Allergens - አለርጅክ

Any substance that induces an allergic reaction. Examples of allergens include: Pollen from trees, crops and flowers, house dust.

ናይ ሰብነት ምቁጣዕ ክለዓል ዝገብሩ ነገራት አለርጅን ይበሃሉ

Altitude - ብራኸ

Altitude is the height/elevation above sea level. It is one of the most important factors that determines the pattern of malaria transmission in Ethiopia.

ካብ ፀፍሒ ባሕሪ ንላዐሊ ዘሎ ብራኸ

Ambu-bag - ኣምቡ ባግ

A hand-operated pump. It pumps air into the baby's lungs through a mask fitted over its nose and mouth.

ብኢድ ዝሰርሕ ንስርዓተ ምስትንፋስ ዝሕግዝ መሳርሒ

Amenorrheaic - ወርሓዊ ፅግያ ዘየርአየት/ ዘsረፀት

Absence or abnormal stoppage of menstruation

ወርሓዊ ፅግያ ከየርአየት ዝሓለፋ/ ዘsረፀት Õል ኣንስተይቲ

Amenorrhoea - ወርሓዊ ፅግያ ዘይምምፃእ

Absence or abnormal stoppage of menstruation

ወርሓዊ ፅግያ ዘይምምፃእ

Amoxicillin - ፐንሲሊን

Penicillin antibiotic of similar action to ampicillin.

ፐንስሊን ፀረ ትህዋስ ኮይኑ ምስ ኣምፕሲሊን ተመሳሳሊ ተግባር ዘለዎ

Ampoule - ብልቃጥ

A sealed sterile glass or plastic bottle with a thin neck for storing liquids for injection. The ampoule has to be broken open at the neck before the vaccine can be used for injection.

ንፁህ መድሓኒት ዝሓዘ ዝተዓሸግ ጎማ/ጠርሙስ ብልቃጥ ይበሃል

Anaemia - አነምያ/ምጭዳሕ

A condition in which there is not enough haemoglobin in the blood. Haemoglobin is the red substance in the red blood cells which carries oxygen.

ዋሕዲ ደም ዋህዮ ቀይሕ ደም ወይ ብሕፅረት ሄሞግሎቢን ዝመፅእ

Anaerobic - ኦክስጅን ዘየድልዮ

Microorganisms that do not need oxygen to survive.

ንምንባርን ንምርባሕን ኦክስጅን ዘየድልዮም ተሃዋስያን

Anterior - ፊት ንፊት/ ብቕድሚት

Situated at or towards the front.

ፊት ንፊት ዝርአ ናይ ሰውነት ክፍሊ

Anthropometry - ኣንትሮፖሜትሪ

The study of human body measurement for use in anthropological classification and comparison. Anthropo: 'human', metry: 'measurement'.

ሕፅረት ምግቢ ምህላውን ዘይምህላውን ንምፍላጥ ዝግበር ናይ ርእሲ፣ ኩርናዕ፣ ክብደትነ ቁመትን ዓቐን

Antibiotics - ፀረ ተሃዋስያን

Medicines that destroy bacteria, or stop them from multiplying in the body.

ንደቀቕቲ ተሃዋስያን ብፍላይ ንባክተርያ ዕብየት ዝዓግትን ዝቐትልን መደሓኒት

Antibodies - ኣንቲቦዲ

Small proteins that are made by the body's immune system and that recognise and help get rid of foreign organisms and toxins.

ኣብ ደም ውሽጢ ዝርከቡ ሕማም ንምክልኻል ዝሕግዙ ፕሮቲናት

Antigens - ኣንቲጀን

Any foreign substance that causes an immune response.

ካብ ግዳም ናብ ደም ውሽጢ ብምእታው ሕማም ከምፅኡ ዝኽእሉ ፕሮቲናት

Antiretrovirals (ARVs) - ፀረ ቫይረስ

Any drug that works against a retrovirus. HIV is a retrovirus.

ብሰንኪ ቫይረስ ንዝመፁ ሕማማት ዝወሃቡ መድሓኒታት፡፡ ንኣብነት፡ ንኤድስ ሕሙማት ዝውሃብ ናይ ኤችኣይቪ መድሓኒት

Anxiety - ጭንቀት

Anxiety is when a person worries too much about something, for example their health, their problems, or even what will happen in the future.

ብዛዕባ ሓደ ጉዳይ ካብ መጠን ንላዐሊ ምሕሳብን ምጭናቕን

AOM - ቅፅበታዊ ሕማም እዝኒ

Acute otitis media (AOM) is a severe infection of the middle ear, lasting less than two weeks. It is very common in babies and young children, but is rarely seen in adults.

ብባክተርያ ዝመፅእ ብፍላይ ኣብ ህፃናት ዝርኣይ ቅፅበታዊ ሕማም ማእኸላይ እዝኒ

APH - መድመይቲ ቅድመ ወሊድ

Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) or late pregnancy bleeding. It is an important cause of maternal and fetal death and needs the attention of a highly skilled healthcare provider.

ድሕሪ ጥንሲ/ቅድመ ወሊድ/ ዘጋጥም ናይ ማህፀን መድመይቲ /ብፍላይ ድማ ድሐሪ 7ወርሒ ጥንሲ ዘጋጥም መድመይቲ

Appeal - ስሓባይ/መእመናይ

A message that is likely to persuade or convince people.

ስሓባይ /መእመናይ/ ብዝኾነ መልክዕ መልእኽቲ ምትሕልላፍ

Appendicitis - ሕማም ትርፊ መዓንጣ

Appendicitis is an acute condition which occurs as a result of inflammation of the appendix.

ሕማም ትርፊ መዓንጣ

Appendix - ትርፊ መዓንጣ

A small tube, closed at one end, which is found at the junction between the small and the large intestine.

ትርፊ መዓንጣ

Aquifers - ፀፍሒ

An underground layer of permeable rock, sediment or soil that yields water.

ማይ ዝዓረፈሉ ታሕተዋይ ኮክሒ

Arborloo - ኣርቦርሉ

A simple form of ecological sanitation. This consists of a single, unlined shallow pit with a portable ring beam (circular support), slab and superstructure. It is used like a normal latrine but with the regular addition of soil, wood ash and leaves.

ቀሊልን ብሕሳር ዋጋ ዝስራሕን ዓይነ ምድሪ ኮይኑ ንማዳበርያ ከም ዝጠቅም ተገይሩ ዝተሰርሐ

ARIs - ቅፅበታዊ ረኽሲ ስርዓተ ምትንፋስ

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are bacterial or viral infections of the respiratory tract leading to breathing difficulties, fever and other complications, including infections in the ear and the membranes surrounding the brain.

ብባክተርያ ወይ ብቫይረስ ዝመፅእ ሃንደበታዊ ናይ መተንፈሲ ኣካላት ሕማም

ART - ንኤች ኣይ ቪ ሕሙማት ዝወሃብ መድሓኒት

The treatment used for HIV-positive people. It consists of giving drugs termed antiretrovirals (ARVs), which work by attacking the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) itself.

ንኤች ኣይ ቪ ሕሙማት ዝወሃብ መድሓኒት

Artery - ቀዳሒ ደም

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to various parts of the body.

ኦክስጅን ዝሓዘ ደም ካብ ልቢ ናብ ካሊእ ሰብነት ዝወስድ ዓይነት ቧንቧ/ትቦ ደም ኮይኑ ዝበዝሐ ፀቕጢ ደም ዝርአየሉ

Arthropods - ዓንዲ ሑቐ ዘይብሎም ነፍሳት

An invertebrate animal having an external skeleton, a segmented body and jointed appendages/limbs. E.g. insects such as flies and other creatures such as mites that transmit disease.

ዓንዲ ሑቐ ዘይብሎም ነፍሳት

Ascariasis - ወስፋት

Infection of the small intestine with a helminth parasite called Ascaris lumbricoides. Causes discomfort, indigestion, weakness, and sometimes blocking of the gut.

ብሰንኪ ኣስካሪያ ሉምብሪኮይድ ዝተበሃለ ዝመፅእ ሕማም ወስፋት (ፅግዕተኛ መዓንጣ)

Asphyxia - ኣስፊክዝያ

A condition of severe shortage of oxygen to the body that arises from being unable to breathe normally. Asphyxia in the uterus is due to an inadequate supply of oxygen from the mother's blood or a problem in the placenta.

ብሰንኪ ሕፅረት ኦክስጅን ዝመፅእ ሽግር ኮይኑ ክሳብ ውነ ምስሓትን ሞትን ክበፅሕ ይኽእል

Aspiration (Vacuum) - መጢጥካ ምውጋድ

Abortion/Pregnancy Termination using an instrument like a syringe operated by hand that creates a negative pressure to suck out the contents of the uterus.

ዝመጥጥ መሳርሒ ብምጥቃም ካብ ውሽጢ ሰብነትና አየርን ፈሳሲን ምውጋድ

Assess - ምምርማር/ምድህሳስ

The gathering of information about a patient's status (physical, psychological, sociological).

ወሰንቲ ምልክታት ምዝባዕ ጥዕና መሰረት ጌይረካ ምርመራ ጥዕና ምግባር

Assessment - ምርመራ/ዳህሳስ

See Assess

ወሰንቲ ምልክታት ምዝባዕ ጥዕና መሰረት ጌይረካ ምርመራ ጥዕና ናይ ምግባር ኹነት

Attitudes - አመለኻኽታ

Attitudes are relatively constant feelings directed toward something or someone that contains a judgment about whether that something or someone is good or bad.

ብዛዕባ ሓደ ጉዳይ ዘለካ አመለኻኽታ ወይ ስምዒት/ ብፅቡቕ ይኹን ብሕማቕ

Autism - ኦቲዝም (ፀገም ስነ ኣእምሮ)

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years of their child's life.

ኣብ እዋን ቁልዕነት ዝርአ ናይ ምዝራብን ናይ ምርድዳእን ፀገም

Autoclave - ኣውቶክሌቭ (መምከኒ)

An autoclave is a device used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121°C for around 15-20 minutes depending on the size of the load and the contents.

ደቀቕቲ ተሃዋስያን ምሉእ ንሙሉእ ንምውጋድ ወይ ንምምካን ዝጠቅም መሳርሒ

Autolysis - ዓርሰ ብርሰት

Destruction of a cell through the action of its own enzymes. Also known as 'self-digestion'.

ናይ ዋህዮታት ወይ ቲሹ ዓርሰ ብርሰት ወይ ዓርሰ ጥፍኣት

Autonomy - ነፃነት

The term refers to every individual's right of self-determination, independence and freedom to make their own choices.

ካብ ናይ ካልኦት አካላት ፀቕጢ ነፃ ኮይንካ ምውሳን

Axillary - ኩኩዒት

Related to the axilla (Armpit)

ኢድን ደረትን ዝራኸብሉ ትሕታዋይ ክፋል ኣካል ወዲሰብ